♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thonburi, Thailand.		♀ (dsf), Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂ (dsf), Vientiane, Laos.		♀ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (wsf), Lao Cai, Vietnam.		♀ (wsf), Nan, Thailand.

ON : Pieris eleonora Boisduval, 1836 OD : Spec. gen. Lepid. 1:481. TL : 'Amboina' [loc.err. = Assam]. Distribution : N.India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Hainan, China, Taiwan. ● ssp.eleonora ● transition zone of eleonora and vasava ● ssp.vasava

[ THAILAND ]
Appias lyncida hippoides ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 148. (Siam)
Appias lyncida hippoides ; Godfrey,1916 : 115.
Appias lyncida hippoides ; Godfrey,1927 : 120. (N)
Appias lyncida hippoides ; Godfrey,1930 : 225. (except P)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Pinratana,1983 : 16, pl.13, figs.26a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Nan; Chanthaburi; Chonburi; Kanchanaburi; Loei; Nakhon Nayok; Nakhon Ratchasiam; Nonthaburi; Uthai Thani; 'Chumphon')
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 18, fig.41,♂. (Ubon Ratchathani: Kaeng Tana; Kaeng E-Keow)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 65, fig.50,♂[♀]. (Umphang: Tha Sai)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 46, fig.35,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon; Nan)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 148, pl.46, figs.Pi28,♂,♀,♀(Un). (Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 155, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Dao; Sarika; Nakohn Nayok; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Khiewo; Kratching WF; Pliewn WF; Wang Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Khlong Tariew; Erawan WF.)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 148, pl.46, figs.Pi28a♂,♀,♀(Un). (Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, fig., Early Stages. (Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2022.09.22)
Appias lyncida vasava ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)

[ LAOS ]
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 49, pl.20, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un) ; pl.21, figs.1,♀(dsf),2,♀(dsf,Un),3,♀(wsf),4,♀(wsf,Un). (Luang Prabang; Tha Ngone; Nam Moh; Ban Houei Sai; Nam Ngum Dam; Dan Sum; Vientiane)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 202, pl.34, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀. (Lak Sao; Vang Vieng; Thakhek)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 39. (Namdhua; Thakhek; Nhahin; Nakai)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Onodera,2009b : 38,41,43. (Vientiane: Vang Vieng; Khammouan: Nacay; Bolikhamxai: Phon Si)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 42.
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Onodera,2022 : 16, pl.64, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Thabok; Khammouan: Beungna; Vientiane: Vang Vieng)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Appias lyncida ; Onodera,2007 : 23, fig.12,♂. (Rattanakiri: Kalai)
Appias lyncida ; Onodera,2008 : 56. (Kratie: Snoul)
Appias lyncida ; Onodera,2009 : 38. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Kosterin,2019 : 89. (Koh Kong; Kampot)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Kosterin,2019b : 26. (Ratanakiri)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Kosterin,2020 : 313. (Siem Reap)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 114. (Kandal; Koh Kong; Kampot; Kratie; Mondulkiri; Pursat; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)

[ VIETNAM ]
Tachyris hippo ; Joannis,1901 : 330. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Appias lyncida hippoides ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 148. (Tonkin / Annam)
Appias lyncida hippoides ; Godfrey,1919 : 464-465. (S: Daban)
Appias lyncida hippoides ; Moulton,1923 : 133. (Pulo Condore)
Appias lyncida floresiana ; Lemée,1950 : 5. (Hagiang)
Appias lyncida formosana ; Lemée,1950 : 5. (Hagiang; Sontay)
Appias lyncida hippoides ; Lemée,1950 : 5. (Hagiang)
Appias lyncida enaretina ; Lemée,1950 : 5. (Hagiang; Hanoi)
Appias lyncida formosana ; Lemée,1950 : 63. (Saigon)
Appias lyncida hippoides f.vern.vacans ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (N / C / S)
Appias lyncida hippoides f.aest.hippoides ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (N / C / S)
Appias lyncida hippoides f.♀lurida ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (N / C / S)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 19, figs.7:7,♂,8,♀,10:36(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Appias lyncida ; Vu,2003 : 56. (Phu Quoc)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Luong et al.,2004 : 2, 32, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Appias lyncida ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 11, figs.Pi-11,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Gung Re; Madagui; Dong Nai: Thac Mai; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien; Ho Chi Minh)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 16. (N / C / S)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Appias lyncida eleonora ; Saito et al.,2017 : 78. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Coto)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♀.

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Dec

Chiang Mai : 10♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

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Lampang : 3♂ (photo).

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Phrae : 5♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

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Nan : 2♂ 1♀.

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Phetchabun : 3♂ (photo).

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Chaiyaphum : 3♂ (photo).

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Chanthaburi : 10♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

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Trat : 11♂ 1♀ (photo by E.Ikari).

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[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : ♂.

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Champasak : 1♂.

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[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 6♂ 2♀.

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The butterfly is very common in secondary and montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 10 - 1300m). Both sexes visit flowers, and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
A dry-season form that is similar to ssp.eleonora frequently occurs in the Ranong area. The area between Ranong and Phetchaburi may be a transition zone of both ssp.eleonora and ssp.vasava. Further research is needed.

Boisduval, J.B.A.,1836 : In Roret's "Suite a Buffon", Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Species general de Lepidopteres. 1.
Paris, Libr. Encycl. de Roret 8vo:[4]+xii+690+6pp, 24 pls.

Wallace, 1866 : List of Lepidopterous insects collected at Takow, Formosa, by Mr. Robert Swinhoe
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1866(2):355-365.

Butler, A.G.,1870 : Descriptions of some new diurnal Lepidoptera, chiefly Hesperiidae.
Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870(4):485-520.

Moore, F.,1878 : List of Lepidopterous Insects collected by the late R.Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):695-708.

Moore, F.,1881 : Descriptions of new Asiatic diurnal Lepidoptera.
Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 29(3):305-313.

Swinhoe, C.,[1890] : On new Indian Lepidoptera, chiefly Heterocera.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1889(4):396-432, pl.43,44.

Matsumura, S.,1909 : Die Pieriden Japans
Ent. Zeit. 23(18):87-88.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1910 : 2. Familie: Pieridae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
145-152. (11.Feb.1910)

Bridges, C.A.,1988 : Catalogue of Papilionidae & Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)
C.A.Bridges, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀ with ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂ with Eurema simulatrix, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1996.10.31 - 2024.03.31.