♂, Vientiane, Laos.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Trat, Thailand.		♀, Trat, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.	♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)	♂ genitalia, Bolikhamxai, Laos.

ON : Papilio nebulosus Butler,1881 OD : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5)7:33, pl.4, fig.3. TL : "Darjiling" [Darjeeling]. (♂, NHML) Distribution : Nepal, India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China. ● ssp.nebulosus ● ssp.antiphates ● ssp.matsui ● transition zone of nebulosus and alcibiades ● ssp.alcibiades ● ssp.toshikazui

Papilio antiphates continentalis Eimar, 1889 : Artb. Verwandtsch. Schmett. 1:137, pl.2, fig.1,u.3. TL. Sikkim.

nebulosus ; Type, ♂, Rh.11086, Darjiling. (NHML, examined)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio antiphates pompilius ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 194-199. (M.Siam)
Papilio antiphates pompilius ; Jordan,1909 : 89. (Siam)
Papilio antiphates pompilius ; Godfrey,1916 : 111. (Phetchaburi River)
Papilio antiphates pompilius ; Godfrey,1927 : 120. (N)
Papilio antiphates pompilius ; Godfrey,1930 : 216. (all over)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Pinratana,1977 : 54, figs.P41a♂,♂(Un). (except P)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 33,45, pl.58, figs.48a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Nayok; Bangkok)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Nishimura,1996a : 45-47, figs.19,♂,20,♂,21,♂,22,♂,23,♂,24,♂. (Nan: Bao Klua; Doi Phu Kha; Chiang Mai: Chiang Dao; Chiang Rai: Wiang Pa Pao; Phitsanulok: Namtok Chat Trakan; Tak: Umphang; Mukdahan: Phu Lan Chang; Chanthaburi: Khao Soi Dao; Trat: Ko Chan)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 16, fig.38,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huay Sing; Nam Tok Kham Cha I; Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum; Ubon Ratchathani: Kaeng Tana)
Pathysa antiphates pompilius ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 112, pl.28, figs.P56a♂,♀. (Chanthaburi)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 133, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Dao; Phu Khiewo; Sarika; Nakohn Nayork; Khao Yai; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Pliewn WF; Kratchin WF; Khao Khiewo; Khao Phoong; Thung Yai; Khlong Tariew; Sai York Noi; Kaeng Krachan)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 112, pl.28, figs.P53,♂(Upper row),♀(Upper row). (Chanthaburi) (in part)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Arisbe antiphates alcibiades ; Page,2020 : 189-190, figs.4e(Bangkok),4f(Pang Yao),4g(Phrae),4h(Chiang Mai). (Thailand)
Graphium antiphates nebulosus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2022- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Nakhon Nayok) (accessed: 2023.05.18)

[ LAOS ]
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 48, col.pl.11,♂ ; pl.12, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un),3,♀,4,♀(Un). (Tha Ngone; Pakse; Nam Ngum Dam; Tha Dua)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Nishimura,1996a : 45-47. (Houa Phan: Sam Neua; Vieng Chan: Vang Vieng)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ;Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 201, pl.23, figs.♂,♀. (Phong Saly)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 298-300. (everywhere)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 41.
Arisbe antiphates alcibiades ; Page,2020 : 189-190. (Laos)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Onodera,2022 : 10, pl.47, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Thabok; Xiengkhouang: Phou Kham)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs.♂,♂(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Graphium antiphates ; Onodera,2007 : 24, fig.8,♂. (Rattanakiri: Ou Chum)
Graphium antiphates ; Onodera,2008 : 57. (Mondolkiri: Bousra)
Graphium antiphates ; Onodera,2009 : 40. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Kosterin,2019 : 89. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk)
Arisbe antiphates alcibiades ; Page,2020 : 189-190. (Cambodia)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Kosterin,2020 : 312. (Siem Reap)
Graphium antiphates nebulosus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Kep; Kampot; Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio antiphates pompilius ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 194-199. (S.Annam: Xom-Gom)
Papilio antiphates pompilius ; Jordan,1909 : 89. (Annam)
Papilio antiphates antiphates ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (C / S) (in part)
Papilio antiphates pompilius ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N / C / S)
Papilio antiphates itamputi ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Nishimura,1996a : 45-47. (Ninh Binh: Cuc Phuong / Khanh Hoa: Nha Trang / Lam Dong: Bao Loc)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 17, figs.5:7,♂,8,♂(Un), 9:18(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Shinkai,1999 : 60. (N: Tam Dao / S: Bao Lac)
Graphium antiphates antiphates ; Luong et al.,2004 : 2, 29, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Graphium antiphates ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 10, fig.Pa-25,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Graphium antiphates pompilius ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2007c : 36, fig.Pa-25,♀. (Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Graphium antiphates antiphates ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 92-93, pl.29, fig.2a♂,2b♂,2c♂. (throughout the country)
Graphium antiphates antiphates ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 14. (N / C / S)
Arisbe antiphates alcibiades ; Page,2020 : 189-190. (Vietnam: except north)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 4♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 9♂ 8♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 5♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 3♂ (photo and photo by T.Aoyama).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chaiyaphum : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Kanchanaburi : 1♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nakhon Nayok : 5♂ (incl. photo by T.Aoyama).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bangkok : 1♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chonburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 8♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ratchaburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai : 45♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Champasak : 5♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lao Cai : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lam Dong : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 10 - 1300m). Both sexes visit flowers. Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
The population from Phetchaburi, northern part of Peninsular Thailand is rather variable. Generally ssp.alcibiades, but intermediate individuals between ssp.nebulosus are often found. It seems to be a transition zone between both subspecies.

Fabricius, J.C.,1787 : Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis,
differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus.
Copenhagen, Christ. Gottl. Proft 8vo 1:xx+348pp ; 2:[2]+382pp

Butler, A.G.,1881 : Descriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera in the Collection of the British Museum.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5)7:31-37, pl.4, 6 figs.

Eimer, G.H.T.,1889 : Die Artbildung und Verwandtschft bei den Schmetterlingen.
Title 1. Eine systematische Darstellung de Abanderungen, Abarteu und Arten der Segelfalter-ahnlichen Formen der Gattung Papilio.
Jena, Verlag von Gustav Fischer. 1:xii+243pp, 23 figs. Atlas of 4pl.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1903 :
Verzeichnis der in Tonkin, Annam und Siam gesammelten Papilioniden und Besprechung verwandter Formen.
Berl. ent. Z. 47(3/4):167-234.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1909 : Neue Papilioniden des indo-australischen Faunengebietes.
Ent. Zeit. 22(41):169-170.

Jordan, K.,1909 : Die Indo-Australische Tagfalter. Papilionidae in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde
9:89-96.

Nishimura, M.,1996 : Notes on some Papilionidae from Indo-China. (2).
Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan. 47(1):40-48. (in Japanese)

Makita, H., Shinkawa, T., Kondo, K., Xing, L. & Nakazawa, T.,2003 :
Phylogeny of the Graphium butterflies inferred from nuclear 28S rDNA and mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences.
Trans. lepid. Soc. Jap. 54(2):91–110.

Wilson, J.J., Karen-Chia, H.M., Sing, K. & Azirun, M.,2014 :
To wards resolving the identities of the Graphium butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) of Peninsular Malaysia.
J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 17: 333–338.

Cotton, A.M., Robinson, J. & Inayoshi, Y.,2019 :
Taxonomic implications resulting from examination of the syntypes of Papilio pompilius Fabricius, 1787 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Butterflies 81:48-55.

Page, M.G.P.,2020 : Notes on Arisbe (Pathysa) antiphates (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) and its allies
Nachr. ent. Ver. Apollo, N.F. 40(3/4):187-202.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Kanchanaburi, Thailand.
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)	♂, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)

1996.10.08 - 2024.02.29.