♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂ (wsf), Chonburi, Thailand.
♂ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Phrae, Thailand.

ON : Tapena minuscula Elwes & Edwards, 1897 OD : Trans. zool. Soc. Lond. 14(4):147, pl.18, fig.18,♂; pl.22.fig.17. TL : Bernardmyo, N.Burma. (NHML) Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, C.Vietnam, Yunnan. ● [? Tapena minuscula or Tapena bornea ]

[ THAILAND ]
Tapena thwaitesi ; Godfrey,1916 : 142. (Chonburi: Sriracha)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Godfrey,1930 : 365. (Chiang Rai; Chonburi: Sriracha; Me Wong)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Evans,1949 : 109. (Siam)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Pinratana,1985 : 31, pl.12, fig.46,♂. (Chiang Mai; Ratchaburi; Chonburi; 'Ranong')
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 249, fig.6,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Sa Duak Bua ; Phu Mu)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 9. (Mukdahan: Ban Na Lak)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 43. (Mukdahan: Phu Hin Khan)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 754, pl.346, fig.H58a♂,♀[♂]. (Chiang Mai)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 37, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Kao Khiewo)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 804, pl.370, fig.H56a♂,♀[♂]. (Chiang Mai)
Tapena minuscula ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2024- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages (Chiang Mai; Sa Kaeo) (accessed: 2024.06.17)

[ LAOS ]
Tapena thwaitesi ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 222, pl.135, fig.♀. (Oudomxay)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 57.
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Onodera,2022 : 103, pl.239, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Thabok)

[ VIETNAM ]
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,1999 : 159. (C: Vu Quang)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2007b : 6, fig.H-24,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me)
Tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 72. (C: Ha Tinh to Lam Dong)

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 10♂ (incl. photo).

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Phrae : 2♂.

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Sa Kaeo : 1♂.

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Chonburi : 2♂.

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[ LAOS ]
Bolikhamxai : 2♂ (photo by H.Onodera).

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Zhang et al.,2022 treated this taxon as a distinct species on the basis of morphology.
The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 350 - 600m). Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
Pinratana,1985 recorded ssp.minuscula from Ranong, P.Thailand, but this is uncertain and may be Tapena bornea. The male genitalia must be examined for reliable identification. Further taxonomic and distributional studies are needed.

Elwes, H.J. & Edwards, J.,1897 : A Revision of the Oriental Hesperiidae.
Trans. zool. Soc. Lond. 14(4):101-324, pls.18-27.

Eliot, J.N. & Kirton, L.G.,2000 : Revisional notes and nomenclatural changes of some Peninsular Malaysian butterflies
Malay. nat. J. 54(2):131-145.

Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J. & Grishin, N.V.,2022 : Taxonoic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)
Insecta Mundi 0921: 1-135.

♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1999.07.31 - 2024.06.30.