Ragadia critolaus subsp. incertae sedis
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♂, Phrae (Wang Chin dist.), Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai (Chiang Mai dist.), Thailand. |
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♂, Phrae (Wang Chin dist.), Thailand. |
♀, Phrae (Wang Chin dist.), Thailand. |
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♂, Phrae (Wang Chin dist.), Thailand. |
♂, Uttaradit, Thailand. |
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♂, Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
♀, Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
| ssp. (Ranong area) |
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♂, Ranong, Thailand. |
♀, Ranong, Thailand. |
| ssp. (Pattani - Yala) |
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♂, Yala, Thailand. |
♀, Pattani, Thailand. |
ON :
Ragadia crisilda ssp.
OD :
TL :
Distribution : Myanmar (Dawna Range to S.Myanmar), S.Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, W.Malaysia (Kedawi).
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● ssp.critolaus |
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● transition zone of critolaus and ssp. |
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● ssp. |
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● ? uncertain |
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● ssp. or sp. |
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● ssp. or sp. |
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Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Ragadia crisilda critolina ; Godfrey,1932a : 267. (Takuapa: Kapong)
Ragadia crisilda critolina ; Godfrey,1932b : 323. (Takuapa: Kapong)
Ragadia crisilda critolaus ; Pinratana,1988 : 29, pl.31, figs.80, f. critolina♂,♂(Un),♂(Un) ; f. crisilda♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Petchaburi; Ranong; Satun; Yala)
Ragadia crisilda crisilda ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 292, pl.118, figs.S87a♂,♂[♀],♂[♀](Un). (Chiang Mai; 'Nan'; Narathiwat; Ranong)
Ragadia crisilda critolaus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 292, pl.118, figs.S87b♂,♂(Un). (Nam Nao) (in part)
Ragadia crisilda critolaus ; Uémura,2010 : 7. (Ranong: Kao Poh Ta)
Ragadia crisilda crisilda ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 292, pl.118, figs.N122a♂,♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; 'Nan'; Narathiwat; Ranong)
Ragadia crisilda critolaus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 292, pl.118, figs.N122b♂,♂(Un). (Nam Nao). (in part)
Ragadia crisilda critolina ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, fig. (Phetchabun)
Ragadia crisilda critolaus ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 191, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Tam Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Nam Nao; Phu Khiewo; Nakohn Nayok)
Ragadia crisilda critolina ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 191-192, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Tenasserim; Ranong Hot Spring; Kam Puan; Muang Shone; Kao Poh Ta; Khlong Naka; Satun; Than To WF.)
Ragadia crisilda crisilda ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 274, figs.Abb.S-163,164. (Phang Nga)
Ragadia critolaus critolina ; Inayoshi,2019 : Butterflies in Indo-China, figs.2♂ 3♀. (Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai; Phrae; Chaiyaphum) (in part) (31.Aug.2019 last updated ; 31.Mar.2025 changed.)
Ragadia crisilda critolina ; Nakamura & Lang, 2023 : 244, figs.2O(♂ & genialia),2P(♂ & genigalia),2Q1(♂ & genigalia),2Q2(♂ & genigalia),2R(♂ & genigalia),2S(♂ & genigalia),2T1(♂ & genigalia),2T2(♂ & genigalia),2U(♂ & genigalia),2V(♂ & genigalia). (Chiang Mai: (Chiang Dao; Tha Ton; Huay Kaeo; Doi Suthep); Phrae; Phetchabun; Chumphon; Ranong)
[ LAOS ]
Ragadia crisilda crisilda ; Uémura,2007 : 3, fig.19,map. (Nakhai to Lak Sao)
Ragadia crisilda crisilda ; Uémura,2011 : 3. (C: Nahkai to Lak Sao 20km)
Ragadia crisilda critolina ; Nakamura & Lang, 2023 : 244, figs.2F(♂ & genialia),2G(♂ & genigalia),2H(♂ & genigalia),2H(♂ & genigalia),2J(♂ & genigalia),2K1(♂ & genigalia),2K2(♂ & genigalia),2L1(♂ & genigalia),2L2(♂ & genigalia),2M1(♂ & genigalia),2M2(♂ & genigalia). (Oudomxai; Xieng Khouang; Bolikhamxai; Khammouane; Champasak; Attapeu)
[ CAMBODIA ]
'Ragadia crisilda ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)'
'Ragadia crisilda ssp. ; Kosterin,2020 : 331. (Pursat)'
'Ragadia crisilda ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 116. (Kampong Speu; Pursat)'
[ VIETNAM ]
Ragadia crisilda critolina ; Nakamura & Lang, 2023 : 244, figs.2V(♂ & genialia),2W(♂ & genigalia). (N: Lao Cai; Ha Thinh)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai (Chiang Mai dist.) : 3♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phrae : 10♂ 1♀ (incl. photo), (8♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Uttaradit : 2♂, (2♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 4♂ 2♀, (4♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Ranong : 15♂ 7♀, (15♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Pattani : 1♂ 1♀, (1♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Yala : 8♂ 3♀ (incl. photo by S.Atdhabhan), (6♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Bolikhamxai : Thabok, 1♂, 2011.03.01. (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ CAMBODIA ]
Pursat : 1♂, 2019.03.17. (photo by O.Kosterin).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
This butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 30 – 1300m).
As mentioned on the Ragadia critolaus critolaus, I consider the population treated by Nakamura & Lang (2023) as Ragadia crisilda critolina to be Ragadia critolaus subsp. incertae sedis.
While the nominotypical subspecies is distributed in N.W. Thailand, this taxon is widely distributed from around Chiang Mai City to the east, and is characterised by a narrower white band.
The populations around Chiang Mai City (Chiang Mai, Chiang Dao, Fang) have a slightly wider white band and are considered to be transitional populations to the nominotypical subspecies.
Some individuals from western Phrae (Wang Chin) also show a slight approach to the nominotypical subspecies.
From Uttaradit to Vietnam, the population has a narrow white band.
Overall, the white band tends to narrow from west to east.
Very interestingly, an individual believed to be this taxon has been found in Cambodia.
It was photographed by Oleg Kosterin on 17.Mar.2019 in Pursat, but only photos were taken in the field.
Moreover, at the same time, a species treated as Ragadia crisilda anora by Nakamura & Lang (2023) was also found.
The fact that these two populations were found sympatrically suggests that they are likely to be separate species.
On the other hand, the populations from peninsular Thailand are characterised by smaller size, rounded forewings and thinner white bands, and are a distinctly different species group from the continental populations.
In addition, there is a difference in the markings on the UnH between the Ranong and Yala populations, and it is highly likely that each is a separate taxon.
As there is a species problem, each is currently treated as an unknown subspecies.
Further taxonomic studies, including molecular analysis, are needed.
Literature
Evans, W.H.,1923 : The Identification of Indian Butterflies.
J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 29(1):230-260, pl.1-9 ; (2):519-537, pl.10-12 ; (3):780-797, pl.13-16 ; (4):890-907, pl.17-21.
Eliot, J.N.,2006 : Updating The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula.
Malay. Nat. J. 59(1):1-49.
Nishimura, M.,2008 : Taxonomic information on the genus Ragadia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in Indo-China. (in Japanese)
Tyô to Ga 59(2):107-116.
Nakamura, N. & Lang, S.Y.,2023 : Re-examination of the genus Ragadia Westwood, [1851] from continental Asia focused on the Indochinese fauna, including descriptions of four new taxa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae).
Neue ent. Nachr. 82:235-262.
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| ♂, Phrae, Thailand. |
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
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| ♂, 2019.03.17. Pursat, Cambodia. (photo by O.Kosterin) |
| ssp. (Ranong area) |
ssp. (Pattani - Yala) |
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| ♂, Phang Nga, Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici) |
♂+♀ (mating), Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan) |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
