Horaga onyx onyx

Horaga onyx onyx (Moore,[1858])


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Surat Thani, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

ON : Thecla onyx Moore,[1858]
OD : in Horsfield & Moore,
Cat. Lep. Ins. East India Co. (1):30.
TL : "Moulmein" (♂, NHML)
Distribution : N.India, Sikkim Assam, Myanmar,
Thailand (Surat Thani and Northward), Laos, Vietnam.

● ssp.onyx
● ssp.sardonyx

Synonym

Horaga onyx forma.arta Fruhstorfer,1914 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 28(1):34. TL. Assam.

Type Material Information

onyx ; Holotype ♂, Himalaya. (NHML)

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Horaga onyx onyx ; Cowan,1966 : 115-116. (Thailand)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Pinratana,1981 : 125, pl.23, fig.3 ; pl.31,♂, fig.4,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Lampang)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 259, fig.158,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 678, pl.310, figs.L334,♂,♂(Un),♀[♂],♀[♂](Un). (Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Khao Poata)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 716, pl.328, figs.L358,♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Khao Pota)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 102, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Bun Kahn; Phu Huay Sing; Muang Shone)
Horaga onyx onyx ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, fig. (Chiang Mai)

[ LAOS ]
Horaga onyx onyx ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 218, pl.124, figs.♂(dsf),♀(dsf). (Lak Sao) (in part)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 55.

[ VIETNAM ]
Horaga onyx ; Metaye,1957 : 88. (no loc.)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 29, fig.L-183,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 42. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 64. (N: Bac Can / C: Lam Dong / S: Dong Nai)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai (alt. 400 - 1600m) : 9♂ 3♀ (incl.photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nan : 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nakhon Nayok : 1♀ (photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Surat Thani : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes

The butterfly is locally common in the montane forest at low to high elevations (alt.350m - 1700m) and is sympatrically distributed with Horaga syrinx moulmeina. Male makes a territory on the trees at edge of forest or hilltops. Time of male activity is different between the two species. In syrinx from about 11:00 to 14:00 while in onyx from about 14:00 to 16:00.
Example of Surat Thani seems slightly transition to ssp.sardonyx. Further taxonomic study is needed.

Literature

Horsfield, T. & Moore, F.,[1858] :
A catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Vol.1.
London. East India Co.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1914 : Neue Lycaenidae.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 28(1):33-35.

Cowan, C.F.,1966 : Indo-oriental Horagini (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae).
Bull. Brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 18(4):103-141, 3 pls.


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.

♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1999.07.18 - 2021.12.31.