Heliophorus ila nolus
Eliot, 1963
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♂ (ds), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ (ds), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (ws), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ (ds), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (ws), Tak, Thailand. |
♀ (ws), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (ds), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ (ds), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ genitalia, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. |
♂ genitalia (transition form), Nan, Thailand. |
| ssp.nolus (transition populations to ssp.urius) |
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♂ (ds), Lampang, Thailand. |
♀ (ds), Lampang, Thailand. |
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♂ (ds), Chiang Mai (Doi Saket dist.), Thailand. |
♀ (ds), Nan, Thailand. |
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♂ (ds), Nan, Thailand. |
♀ (ws), Nan, Thailand. |
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♂ (ws), Nan, Thailand. |
♀ (ws), Nan, Thailand. |
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♂ (ds), Xieng Khouang, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera) |
♂ (ws), Xieng Khouang, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera) |
ON :
Heliophorus ila nolus Eliot, 1963
OD : Entomologist 96(1203):175-176, figs.7a-d(♂ genitalia).
TL : Taok Plateau, "Tenasserim, Burma" [Tanintharyi, Myanmar]. (NHML)
Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand. N. to C.Laos. [N.Vietnam]
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● ssp.nolus |
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● ssp.nolus (transition zone to ssp.urius) |
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● ssp.urius |
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Type Materials Information
Holotype ♂, 1.Jan.1924. Taok Plateau, 3000 ft., Tenasserim, Burma. C.H.Stockley. (NHML)
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Heliophorus epicles indicus ; Shirôzu & Saigusa,1962 : 60-61, pl.9, figs.67,♂,68,♂(Un), Textfig.27,♂genitalia. (Doi Inthanon)
Heliophorus ila nolus ; Pinratana,1981 : 72, pl.11, figs.21,♂,22,♀,23,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Heliophorus ila nolus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 592, pl.268, fig.L167,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Mae Hong Son; Doi Phu Kha)
Heliophorus ila nolus ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
'Heliophorus brahma magoka ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 618, pl.280, fig.L186,♀. (in part)'
Heliophorus epicles latilimbata ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 618, pl.280, figs.L189,♀,♀(Un). (in part)
Heliophorus ila nolus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 618, pl.280, figs.L191,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Mae Hong Son; Doi Phu Kha)
Heliophorus epicles latilimbata ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 151, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok) (in part)
Heliophorus ila nolus ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 151, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Chiang Dao; Doi Pui; Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon; Maethro; Khun Lao; Phu Kradung; Nam Nao)
Heliophorus ila nolus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Kamphaeng Phet; Kanchanaburi) (accessed: 2023.05.20)
[ LAOS ]
Heliophorus ila nolus ; Onodera,2022 : 84, pl.214, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Luang Phabang: Kiewtaloun; Xiengkhouang: Tha)
[ VIETNAM ]
Heliophorus ila nolus ; Yago et al.,2005 : 366, 369, figs.6,♂,♂(Un). (Dong Van; Muong Nhe; Hoang Lien)
Heliophorus ila nolus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 55. (N: Ha Giang; Lao Cai; Lai Chau)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 10♂ 2♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai (Fang dist; Chiang Dao dist; Chiang Mai dist; Mae Chaem dist; Omkoi dist.) : 25♂ 16♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 3♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Kanchanaburi : 2♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
--------------------------------------------------
transition between ssp.nolus and ssp.urius
Chiang Rai (Thoeng dist.) : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai (Doi Saket dist; Mae On dist.) : 12♂ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lampang : 10♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phisanulok : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nan : 16♂ 11♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Loei : 3♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Luang Nam Tha : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Luang Phabang : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Houaphan : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Xieng Khouang : 3♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is very common in montane forests at moderate to high elevations (Alt. 700 - 1800m).
Males are territorial on shrubs or undergrowth, and frequently occur sympatric with epicles at 700 - 1100m and with indicus and brahma at 1600 - 1800m.
This species and indicus of this region are very similar, and it is difficult to identify them by markings.
Examination of genitalia is necessary for accurate identification.
The populations in Indochina are highly variable in terms of individual, seasonal and geographical variation in both markings and genitalia.
Frequently, male individuals with orange patch on the UpF are found.
The populations in W. Thailand, Tak and Kanchanaburi, are definitely ssp.nolus.
The characteristics of genitalia are costal shoulder ill-defined, transtilla aborted and vanni long with truncate tips.
In the area from W.Thailand to the mountain range in west of Chiang Mai city in N.Thailand is generally nolus, however occasionally individuals transitioning to urius are seen.
On the other hand, from the eastern mountain range of Chiang Mai city to north part of Laos,
it is generally a transition form to urius, but occasionally nolus form are found.
In the genitalia of this transitional individuals, the transitilla is slightly more developed, the vanni are shorter.
In terms of markings, post-discal black spots on the UnF tend to be slightly more prominent. (especially in the rainy season).
In Xieng Khouang, Laos, There are both intermediate form which is more closer to urius than nolus and ssp.urius occur sympatrically.
Yago et al. (2005) and Monastyrskii & Deviatkin (2015) recorded nolus in N. Vietnam.
I have tentatively mapped them as nolus, however it seems more likely they are a transitional population.
Further taxonomic study is needed.
| Male genitalia of each populations |
ssp.nolus :
Kanchanaburi, Thailand. |
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ssp.nolus (intermediate form) :
Loei, Thailand. |
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ssp.nolus (intermediate form) :
Xieng Khouang, Laos.
(photo by J.Uehara & H.Onodera) |
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ssp.urius :
Bolikhamxai, Laos. |
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Literature
Eliot, J.N.,1963 : The Heliophorus epicles (Godart, 1823) (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae) Complex
Entomologist 96(1203):169-180, 14 figs.
Yago, M., Wakabayashi, M., Tanaka, B. & Monastyrskii, A.L.,2005 : Species biodiversity and life histories of the genus Heliophorus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Vietnam.
Report on Insect Inventory Project in Tropic Asia (TAIIV)(2005):365-370.
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| ♂ (ds, territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ (ws), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (ws), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ (ws), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (ws), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ (ds), Tak, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (ws), Lampang, Thailand. |
♀ (ws), Lampang, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (ds), Lampang, Thailand. |
♀ (ds), Lampang, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (ds, territorial behavior), Loei, Thailand. |
♂ (ws), Nan, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
