♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Lai Chow, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)

ON : Limenitis houlberti Oberthür, 1913 OD : Etud. Lep. comp. 7:670, pl.187, fig.1824. TL : Tse-Kou. Distribution : N.Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, S.W.China.

Limenitis houlberti sugisawai Funahashi, 2003 : Wallace 8:8, pl.3, fig.10(HT,♂,♂Un). TL. Mt.Fangshipang, alt.2000m, Sapa, Lao Cai, N.Vietnam. (KMNH)

sugisawai :
Holotype ♂, Jul.1992. Mt.Fangshipang, alt.2000m, Sapa, Lao Cai, N.Vietnam. (KMNH)
Paratypes :
5♂ 5♀, Jul.1992. Mt.Fangshipang, alt.2000m, Sapa, Laocai, N.Vietnam. (in coll. A.Funahashi) ;
5♂ 5♀, Jul.1998. Mt.Pia Oac, alt.1200m, N.Vietnam. (in coll. A.Funahashi)

[ THAILAND ]
Limenitis houlberti ; Eliot,1987 : 24, figs.8,9. (Chiang Mai: Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Limenitis houlberti ; Kimura,1994 : 19, figs.19,20. (Chiang Mai: Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Limenitis houlberti ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 63, pl.41, fig.114,♂. (Chiang Mai)
Parasarpa houlberti ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 412, pl.180, fig.N119,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Parasarpa houlberti ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 422, pl.184, figs.N285,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Parasarpa houlberti ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 92, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok)

[ LAOS ]
Parasarpa houlberti ; Masui & Uehara,1999 : 19, fig.5,♂,♂(Un). (Xam Neua)
Parasarpa houlberti ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 207, pl.61, figs.♂. (Xam Neua)
Parasarpa houlberti ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 46.

[ VIETNAM ]
Limenitis houlberti sugisawai Funahashi,2003 : Wallace 8:8, pl.3, fig.10(HT,♂,♂Un). (N: Mt.Fangshipang, Sapa, Lao Cai)
Parasarpa houlberti ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 36. (N: Lao Cai)
Parasarpa houlberti ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):42-43, pl.40, figs.3a♂,3b♂(Un). (N: Hoang Lien)

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 16♂ (incl.photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

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May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lao Cai : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lai Chow : 1♀.

Jan

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Mar

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May

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Jul

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Dec

The butterfly is locally not rare in montane forest at high elevations (alt.1600m - 2200m) and is frequently found at top of mountains. Males are territorial on shrubs or trees.

Oberthür, C.,1913 : Expilcation des planches publiees dans le volume VII des Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee.
Etud. Lep. comp. 7:657-677, col.pls.161-197.

Funahashi, A.,2003 : Description of a new subspecies of Limenitis houlberti Oberthür, 1912 from Sapa, N.Vietnam.
in Butterflies of Vietnam part.2. Descriptions of 19 New subspecies of Butterflies from Vietnam.
Wallace 8:8, pl.3.

Wu, L.W., Chiba, H., Lees, D.C., Ohsima, Y. & Jeng, M.L.,2019 : Unravelling relationships among the shared stripes of sailors:
Mitogenomic phylogeny of Limenitidini butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae,Limenitidinae), focusing on the genera Athyma and Limenitis
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 130(2019):60-66.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2007.03.10 - 2022.11.30.