♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Phrae, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.		♂, Yala, Thailand.
♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♂, Ranong, Thailand.
♂, Yala, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Ranong, Thailand.

ON : Papilio athamas Drury, 1773 OD : Ill. nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 1: index,5, pl.2, fig.4,♂,♂(Un). TL : "China". Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Tibet, Hainan, S.China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong), Langkawi, W.Malaysia.

Charaxes samatha Moore, 1879 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):831. TL. Moolai, [Myanmar].
Eriboea athamas dexippus Fruhstorfer, 1914 : Ent. Rundschau 31(1):2. TL. Tai Ninh, [S.Vietnam]. (Geneva Mus.)

[ THAILAND ]
Eriboea athamas samatha ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 719. (Ranong; Petchaburi)
Eulepis athamas ; Godfrey,1916 : 133.
Eriboea athamas samatha ; Pendlebury,1923 : 42. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Lan Saka; Khao Luang)
Eriboea athamas samatha ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Eriboea athamas samatha ; Godfrey,1930 : 301. (except P)
Eriboea athamas samatha ; Godfrey,1932a : 270. (P)
Polyura athamas samatha ; Pinratana,1979 : 98, figs.N166, ♂,♂(Un). (Chanthaburi; Chonburi; Kanchanaburi; Nakhon Nayok; Nonthaburi; Ratchaburi; Trang)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Smiles,1984 : 167. (Doi Inthanon; [Klong Pong Kapo]; [Hue Tak So]; [Muok-Lek]; Phrae: [Me Sai Song]; Khlong Khlung; [Khao Sabab]; Chanthaburi; Hin Lap; Bangkok; Ranong; Prauchuap; [Pak Tawan])
Polyura athamas athamas ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 98, pl.75, figs.187,♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Ratchasima; Nakhon Nayok; Chonburi; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Ratchaburi; Trang; Yala)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 256, fig.115,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Sa Duak Bua; Phu Mu)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 52. (Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Pung)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 71, fig.177,♂. (Umphang)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 50, fig.125,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 486, pl.217, figs.N200,♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀[♂],♀(Un)[♂(Un)]. (Kanchanaburi; Rangsit)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2023.05.04)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 358, pl.152, figs.N188,♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Rangsit; Kanchanaburi)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Polyura athamas athamas ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Sa Kaeo; Nakhon Ratchasima) (accessed: 2023.05.04)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 132-133, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Dao; Doi Inthanon; Doi Pa Chang; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kratchin WF; Pliewn WF; Kao Khiewo; Muang Shone; Khlong Naka; Than To WF.)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 19-20, figs.Abb.N-118-123. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Eriboea athamas athamas ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 718. (Luang Prabang)
Eriboea athamas ; Vitalis,1919 : 233. (Laos)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Smiles,1984 : 167. ([Luhang Prahang]; [Muang Baw]; Sekong River)
Polyura athamas samatha ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 62, pl.77, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng; Phatong; Tha Ngone; Vientiane; Luang Prabang; Ban Houei Sai; Nam Ngum Dam)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 208, pl.78, figs.♂,♂(f. hamasta),♂(Un). (Vang Vieng; Oudomxay; Nong Het)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 44. (Namdhua; Thakhek; Nhahin)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Onodera,2009b : 35,36,39,43. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside; Xieng Kouang: Muang Kham; Bolikhamxai: Thabok; Phon Si)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 47.
Polyura athamas athamas ; Onodera,2022 : 50, pl.148, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Thabok)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Polyura athamas athamas ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Kosterin,2019 : 97. (Koh Kong)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Kosterin,2019b : 32, figs.32,♂(Un),33,♂(Un). (Ratanakiri; Mondulkiri)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 116. (Koh Kong; Kampot; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Pursat; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Eriboea athamas athamas ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 718. (Tonkin / S.Annam)
Eriboea athamas ; Vitalis,1919 : 233. (Annam / Tonkin)
Eriboea athamas athamas f.aest.athamas ; Metaye,1957 : 99. (N / C / S)
Eriboea athamas athamas f.hib.hamasta ; Metaye,1957 : 99. (N / C / S)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Smiles,1984 : 167. (Muong Khuoug; Tongkin: Yen Bai; Chiem Hoa; [Nam-Hou]; Xom Giong; [Nacham]; [Bac-Kan])
Polyura athamas athamas ; Ikeda et al.,2000 : 37, figs.8:5,♂,6,♂(Un), fig.9:46(♂,genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Luong et al.,2004 : 8, 71, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 34, fig.N-111,♂. (Lam Dong: Dai Duc Me; Madagui; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Polyura athamas ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 42. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 24, fig.N-111,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 42. (N / C / S)
Polyura athamas athamas ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):85-86, pl.12, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un),1c♀. (N: Hoang Lien; Ba Be; Tam Dao; Cuc Phuong; Pu Luong / C: Xuan Lien; Ben En; Pu Hoat; Bu Huong; Pu Mat; Huong Son; Vu Quang; Phong Dien; Dakrong; Bach Ma; Nam Dong; A Luoi; Que Phuoc; Kon Ka Kinh; Chu Yang Sin; Yok Don; Bu Gia Map; Nui Chu / S: Cat Tien; Lo Go Sa Mat; La Nga)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 12♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Loei : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 6♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chaiyaphum : 1♂ (photo by S.Sophonviwatkul).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchaburi : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nakhon Si Thammarat : 3♂ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Yala : 5♂ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Xaignabouli : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 30 - 1300m). Males are territorial on shrubs or trees.
Toussaint (2015) described Polyura paulettae by mainly DNA analysis. I suppose it may be widely distributed in Indo-China including P.Thailand. It is highly probable that this species is present in records of athamas in this area. However I treat the records in the previous literatures as athamas for the time being.
Male genitalia has small difference between examples from continental area and peninsular specimens. Further taxonomic study is needed.

Drury, D.,1773 : Illustrations of natural history; wherein are exhibited ... Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 1.
1-130, pl. 1-50.

Moore, F.,1879 : A list of the lepidopterous insects collected by Mr.Ossian Limborg in upper Tenasserim,
with descriptions of new species.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):821-858, pls. 51-53.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1914 : Rhopaloceren von Cochinchina
Ent. Rundschau 31(1):1-3. (10.Jan.1914)

Smiles, R.L.,1982 : The taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Polyura Billberg (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Bull. Brit. Mus. Ent. (Nat. Hist.) 44(3):115-237. London.

♂, Loei, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Yala, Thailand.	♂, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai Thailand.

2006.12.09 - 2024.05.31.