♂, Phetchabun, Thailand.		♀, Phetchabun, Thailand.
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand.		♀, Phetchabun, Thailand.
♂, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Trat, Thailand. (photo by THNHM)
♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.		♂, Phrae, Thailand.

ON : Pieris brassicae var. crucivora Boisduval, 1836 OD : Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 521. TL : Japon. Distribution : Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China to Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Far East Russia.

Pieris rapae var. géographique orientalis Oberthür, 1880 : Étud. ent. 5: 13. TL. 'Askold [Island in Peter the Great Gulf, Sea of Japan, Russia]; Japon; nord de la China'.
Pieris rapae var. mandschurica Speyer, 1882 : Stett. ent. Ztg 43: 379. TL. "Amur" [Amur, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia].
Pieris rapae forme niphonica Verity, 1908 : Rhopalocera Palaearctica (13-14): 156, (17-20): pl.33, figs.47, 48. TL. Japon.
Pieris rapae yokohamae Verity, 1908 : Rhopalocera Palaearctica (15-16): 157, pl.34, figs.20, 21. TL. "Yokohama" [Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan].
Pieris rafae [sic] ab. unimaculata Yokoyama, 1921 : Zool. Mag. 33: 388, figs.6,♀, 7,♀(Un). TL. [Japan]. (IFS)
Pieris rapae ab. albiventris Nakahara, 1922 : Ent. Rec. 34: 219. TL. "Narita, near Tokyo, Japan" [Narita, Chiba pref., Japan]. (IFS)
Pieris rapae (g. v.) wladiwostokensis Kardakoff, 1928 : Ent. Mitt. 17(4): 268, pl.6, figs.7,♂, 8,♀. TL. "Wladiwostok" [Vladivostok, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia].
Pieris rapae yunnana Mell, 1943 : Zool. Stuttgart 36(100):104. TL. "Yunnanfu bis Tali" [Kunming to Dali, C.Yunnan].

[ THAILAND ]
Pieris rapae ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 140, pl.42, figs.Pi19,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Mae Chaem)
Pieris rapae ssp. ; Kemal et al.,2007 : 2-3, figs.1,♀, 2-6(egg, larva, pupa),7♂,8♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Pieris rapae ; Nishimura,2008 : 34, figs.47,♂,48,♂,49,♂(Un),50,♀,51,♀(Un),52,♀,53,♀,54,♀,55,♀,56,♀. (Chiang Mai)
Pieris rapae orientalis ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 161, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Ankaan; Mae Chaem; Nong Mae Na)
Pieris rapae crucivora ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 142, pl.43, figs.Pi19,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Mae Chaem)
Pieris rapae orientalis ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2020- : Butterflies of Thailand, fig, (Phetchabun)
Pieris rapae orientalis ; Inayoshi,2011-2022 : Butterflies in Indo-China, 4♂ 3♀ (Mae Hong Son; Chiang Mai; Lampang; Phrae; Phetchabun; Trat) (31.Oct.2022 last updated; 30.Apr.2025 changed.)

[ LAOS ]
Pieris rapae ; Nishimura,2008 : 34. (Luang Nam Tha)
Pieris rapae orientalis ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 42, pl.1, figs.Pi-17,♂,♂(Un). (Phou Bia)
Pieris rapae orientalis ; Onodera,2022 : 14, pl.61, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Xiengkhouang: Bo Nam Hon; Nachan)
Pieris rapae orientalis ; Inayoshi,2011-2022 : Butterflies in Indo-China. (by literature) (31.Oct.2022 last updated; 30.Apr.2025 changed.)

[ VIETNAM ]
Pieris rapae ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 23, figs.8:17,♂,18,♀,11:44(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Pieris rapae ; Luong et al.,2004 : 2. (Cuc Phuong)
Pieris rapae ; Nishimura,2008 : 34. (Ninh Binh; Vinh Phu; Hong Lien Son)
Pieris rapae orientalis ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 16. (N / C)
Pieris rapae orientalis ; Inayoshi,2011-2022 : Butterflies in Indo-China, 1♂ (Lam Dong) (31.Oct.2022 last updated; 30.Apr.2025 changed.)
Pieris rapae ; Monastyrskii,2024 : 66-67, pl.16, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un),1c♀,1d♀(Un). (N: Ha Giang; Hoang Lien; Ba Be; Cuc Phuong; Tam Dao; Hanoi / C: Pu Mat; Phong Nha-Ke Bang)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂ 1♀.

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Chiang Mai : 10♂ 5♀ (incl. photo).

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Lampang : 1♂ (photo).

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Phrae : 1♂.

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Phetchabun : 10♂ 10♀ (incl. photo).

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Trat : 1♀.

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[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 2♂.

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The butterfly is locally very common in fields of cabbage or field mustard at low to high elevations (Alt. 300 - 1500m), and is also a known pest of these vegetables. Along with the migration of these vegetables, the butterfly is thought to be expanding its distribution. Further taxonomic study is needed.

Boisduval, J.B.A.,1836 : In Roret's "Suite a Buffon", Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptères. 1.
Paris, Libr. Encycl. de Roret 8vo: [4]+xii+690+6pp, 24 pls.

Oberthür, 1880 : Faune des Lépidoptères de l'ile Askold. Premiere Partie
Étud. ent. 5:1-88, pl.1-9.

Speyer, A.,1882 : Lepidopterologische Bemerkungen.
Stett. ent. Ztg 43:375-388.

Verity, R.,1908 : Rhopalocera Palaearctica Iconographie et Description des Papillons diurnes de la région paléarctique. Papilionidae et Pieridae.
(15-16): 157-172, pl.27-29,34,45 ; (17-20) :173-220, pl.30-33,47,49.

Yokoyama, K.,1921 : "本邦内地産紋白蝶の學名を論ず" [On the scientific name of garden white butterflies in Japan].
Zool. Mag. 33: 384-389, 6 figs. (in Japanese)

Nakahara, W.,1922 : A White-bodied Pieris rapae from Japan.
Ent. Rec. 34:219.

Kardakoff, N.,1928 : Zur Kenntnis der Lepidopteren des Ussuri-Gebietes.
Ent. Mitt. 17(4): 261-273; (8): 414-425.

Mell, R.E., 1943 : Inventur und ökologisches Material zu einer Biologie der südchinesischen Pieriden.
Beiträge zur Fauna sinica 21.
Zoologica Stuttgart 36: 88-127.

Kemal, M., Leksawasdi, P. & Koçak, A.Ö.,2007: On the Pieridae fauna of Chiang Mai Province in North Thailand (Lepidoptera).
Cent. ent. Stud. Misc. 134:2-8.

Nishimura, M. & Nobayashi, S.,2008 : Notes on Pieris rapae in Japan and Indochina.
Yadoriga 217:13-36. (in Japanese)

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂+♀ (mating), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀ (laying egg), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂.♀, Phetchabun, Thailand.
♂,♀, Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by P.Sukkit)

2025.04.30.