♂, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♀, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.	♂, Tak, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂, Trang, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)	♂, Trang, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)	♂, Yala, Thailand.	♂, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)
♀, Houaphan, Laos. (photo by A.M.Cotton)	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ genitalia, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

ON : Papilio agetes Westwood, 1843 OD : Arcana Ent. 2(14):13, pl.55, figs.1,2. TL : "East Indies. (Sylhet?)" (♂, NHML) Distribution : India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, W.Malaysia.

Papilio agetes tenuilineatas Fruhstorfer, 1901 : Soc. ent. 16(12):89-90. TL. "Xom-Gom, Süd-Annam" [near Phan Rang, Ninh Thuan, S.Vietnam]. (♂, NHML)
Papilio agetes iponus Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Soc. ent. 17(8):58. TL. Ipot, Perak, [Malaysia].
Papilio agetes tenuilineatus Fruhstorfer, 1903 : Berl. ent. Z. 47(3/4):199. (ISS)

agetes ; ♂, Type (red), Rh.11075, #149371, Silhet. (NHML, examined)
tenuilineatas ; ♂, Type, Februar. Xom-Gom, Sud-Annam, H.Fruhstorfer. (NHML, examined)
iponus ; ♂, Type (red), #149373, Malaka, H.Fruhstorfer. (NHML, examined)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio agetes agetes ; Godfrey,1916 : 111. (Phetchaburi River)
Papilio agetes agetes ; Godfrey,1927 : 120. (N)
Papilio agetes agetes ; Godfrey,1930 : 215-216. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chonburi: Sriracha; Phetchaburi River; Chiang Mai)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Pinratana,1977 : 52, figs.P38a♂,♂(Un). (except P)
Graphium agetes iponus ; Pinratana,1977 : 52, fig.P38b, not fig. (P)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 32,44, pl.56, fig.45a♂. (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Nakhon Nayok)
Graphium agetes iponus ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 32,44, pl.56, fig.45b♂. (Ranong)
Graphium agetes ; Nishimura,1996a : 41-43, figs.6,♂,7,♂,8,♂,9,♂,10,♂. (Nan: Doi Phu Kha; Chiang Mai: Doi Pa Hompok; Chiang Dao; Chiang Rai: Wiang Pa Pao; Tak: Umphang; Chanthaburi: Khao Soi Dao; Namtok Pliew; Yala: Than To)
Pathysa agetes agetes ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 110, pl.27, figs.P53a♂,♂(Un). (Khao Yai; Wiang Pa Pao)
Pathysa agetes iponus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 110, pl.27, figs.P53b♂,♂(Un),♀. (Yala: Than To)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 132, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Doi Suthep; Phu Khiewo; Khao Yai; Nakohn Nayork; Kao Soi Dao; Thung Yai)
Graphium agetes iponus ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 132, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Kao Poh Ta; Khlong Naka; Ka Chong; Than To WF.)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 110, pl.27, figs.P50,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Khao Yai; Wiang Pa Pao)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 110, not fig. (Yala: Than To)
Graphium agetes agetes ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Yala) (accessed: 2023.05.18)

[ LAOS ]
Papilio agetes f.agetes ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 150. (Thado)
Papilio agetes f.agetes ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 14. (Laos)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 47, pl.11, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng)
Graphium agetes ; Nishimura,1996a : 41-43. (Viang Chan: Vang Vieng)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 201, pl.22, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀. (Lak Sao; Phong Saly)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 300. (Koun Kham; Lak Sao)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 41.
Graphium agetes agetes ; Onodera,2022 : 9, pl.47, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Lak Sao)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Graphium agetes agetes ; Kosterin,2019 : 89, figs.4,♂,5,♂. (Koh Kong)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Koh Kong)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio agetes tenuilineatus ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 199-200. (S.Annam: Xom-Gom)
Papilio agetes agetes ; Jordan,1909 : 87. (Tonkin : Annam)
Papilio agetes agetes ; Godfrey,1919 : 464. (S: Sui Kat)
Papilio agetes f.agetes ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 150. (Annam: Hue)
Papilio agetes f.agetes ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 14. (Tonkin / Annam)
Papilio agetes ; Lemée,1950 : 4. (Hagiang)
Papilio agetes agetes ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N / C)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Shinkai,1999 : 59-60. (N: Tam Dao / S: Bao Lac)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Luong et al.,2004 : 2, 29, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 10, fig.Pa-22,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 91-92, pl.29, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un). (N: Hoang Lien; Van Ban; Ba Be; Tam Dao; Cuc Phuong / C: Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Ke Bang; Bach Ma; Kon Cha Rang; Chu Yang Sin; Bi Doup-NuiBa)
Graphium agetes agetes ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 14. (N / C to Lam Dong)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 15♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 11♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 11♂ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 3♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chaiyaphum : 10♂ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 6♂ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchaburi : 5♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Surat Thani : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trang : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Yala : 10♂ (incl. photo & photo by S.Atdhabhan).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Houaphan : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai : 8♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lao Cai : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ha Giang : 4♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lam Dong : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is not rare in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 300 - 2200m) and is frequently found on top of mountains. Males are territorial at hilltops and fly in circles for long hours in their territorial space. Moreover they often come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
The populations from India to Indo-China and W.Malaysia are quite variable and more subject to individual variation than to geographic variation. The black bands tend to decrease from north to south, suggesting that it is a large cline. The taxon iponus cannot be clearly separated from the nominotypical subspecies, as Nishimura,1996 mentioned.
Previously this species was thought to be related to other tailed species in subgenus Pathysa, but the DNA analysis of Makita et al.,2003 showed that it is closely related to the mimetic species of the macareus group. The morphology of the male genitalia supports this relationship too.

Westwood, J.O.,1841-1845 : Arcana entomologica, or Illustrations of new, rare, and interesting exotic insects.
William Smith, London. 8 vol.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1901 : Zwei neue Papilio aus Indochina.
Soc. ent. 16(12):89-90.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1902 : Neue Papilioformen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet.
Soc. ent. 17(8):57-58.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1903 : Verzeichnis der in Tonkin, Annam und Siam gesammelten Papilioniden und Besprechung verwandter Formen.
Berl. ent. Z. 47(3/4):167-234.

Jordan, K.,1909 : Die Indo-Australische Tagfalter. Papilionidae in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde
9:81-88.

Tsukada, E. & Nishiyama, Y.,1980 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Island 1. Papilionidae
459 pp., Plapac co., Ltd. (in Japanese)

Nishimura, M.,1996 : Notes on some Papilionidae from Indo-China. (2).
Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan. 47(1):40-48. (in Japanese)

Makita, H., Shinkawa, T., Kondo, K., Xiang, L. & Nakazawa, T.,2003 :
Phylogeny of the Graphium butterflies inferred from nuclear 28SrDNA and mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences
Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 54(2):91-110.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Tak, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)
♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)	♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)
♂, Yala, Thailand.	♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)

1996.10.08 - 2024.02.29.