♂, Tak, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Tak, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂, Lampang, Thailand.		♂, Chiang Mai (Doi Saket dist.), Thailand.

ON : Papilio rhetenor publilius Fruhstorfer, 1909 OD : Ent. Zeit. 22(42):175. TL : Lower Bruma. (♂, NHML) Distribution : S.Myanmar, W. & N.Thailand. ● ssp.alcmenor ● ssp.publilius (transition zone to ssp.alcmenor) ● ssp.publilius ● ssp.?? (not confirmed yet)

♂, Type (red), #149329, Lower Burma. (NHML, examined)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio rhetenor rhetenor ; Godfrey,1927 : 120. (N)
Papilio rhetenor rhetenor ; Godfrey,1930 : 214. (Chiang Mai; Chiang Rai; W: Pan Yao)
Papilio rhetenor rhetenor ; Pinratana,1977 : 44, figs.P31,♂,♂(Un) ; 45, figs.P31,♂,♀. (Chiang Mai)
Papilio alcmenor publilius ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 25,43, pl.43, figs.32,♂,♂(f. leucocelis) ; pl.44, figs.32,♂(f. leucocelis),♀. (Chiang Mai)
Papilio alcmenor alcmenor ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 88, pl.15, figs.P31,♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♂(f. leucocelis),♂(f. leucocelis),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Dao; Wiang Pa Pao)
Papilio alcmenor publilius ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 126, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Khun Lao Village; Doi Chinag Dao; Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon)
Papilio alcmenor alcmenor ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 84, pl.15, figs.P29,♂,♂(Un),♂(f. leucocelis),♂(Un),♂(f. leucocelis ab.),♀,♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Dao; Wiang Pa Pao)
Papilio alcmenor alcmenor ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; 'Phetchabun') (accessed: 2023.05.16)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.

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Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).

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Chiang Mai : 11♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

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Lampang : 3♂ (incl. photo).

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Tak : 2♂.

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The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 400 - 1800m). Males form flight paths along streams or forest edges, and frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water. Males of this subspecies seem to mimic Atrophaneura varuna zaleucus, but are not similar in flight. On the other hand, females mimic Byasa dasarada and polyeuctes, closely resembling the models so much that they are indistinguishable in flight.
In the area East of Chiang Mai city, from Doi Saket dist., Mae On dist. and Wiang Pa Pao to Lampang province, it is generally ssp.publilius, however some intermediate individuals to the nominotypical subspecies are found occasionally. It seems a transition zone of both subspecies. The population in Petchabun is known only from a photo in nature and without any specimens, so it has not been confirmed what subspecies it is. Confirmation by specimens is needed.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1909 : Neue asiatische Papilio-Rassen.
Ent. Zeit. 22(42):175-176 ; 22(43):177-179.

♂, Chiang Mai. Thailand.	3♂, Chiang Mai. Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai. Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai. Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai (Doi Saket dist.). Thailand.	♂, Lampang. Thailand.

2022.03.31 - 2023.05.31.