♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.	♂, Nan, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Nan, Thailand.
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Yala, Thailand.	♀, Yala, Thailand.

ON : Papilio agenor Linnaeus, 1758 OD : Syst. nat. (ed. 10) 1:460. TL : 'Asia' [Canton, China]. Distribution : Nepal, India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Hainan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Tioman, Singapore.

Papilio androgeos Cramer, 1776 : Uitl. Kapellen 1(8):142, pl.91, figs.A♂,B♂(Un). TL. China.
Papilio alcanor Cramer, 1777 : Uitl. Kapellen 2(9-16):107, pl.166, fig.A♀. TL. China.
Papilio esperi Butler, 1879 : Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. (2) Zool. 1:553, pl.68, fig.7,♀. TL. Malacca ; Penang. (♀, NHML)
Papilio phoenix Distant, 1885 : Rhop. malayana : 340, pl.27, fig.7,♀. TL. Province Wellesley, Malay Pen. (♀, NHML)
Papilio cilix Distant, 1885 : Rhop. malayana 340-341, pl.29, figs.4,♂,5,♀. TL. Malacca, Malay Pen. (♂♀, NHML) (homonym)
Papilio androgeos var.depelchini Robbe, 1892 : Annls. Soc. ent. Belg. 36:125. TL. Kurseong, Sikkim. (♂)
Papilio memnon agenor ♂ab.primigenius Rothschild, 1895 : Novit. zool. 2(3):319. TL. Sikkim ; Khasia Hills. (♂, NHML)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀ab.butlerianus Rothschild, 1895 : Novit. zool. 2(3):320. (♀)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀ab.distantianus Rothschild, 1895 : Novit. zool. 2(3):320. TL. India ; Burma ; Siam ; Malay Pen ; Hainan. (♀)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀ab.vinius Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 15:307. TL. Malay Pen. (♀)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀f.rhetenorina Jordan, 1909 : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9:72. TL. N.India. (♀, NHML)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀f.phoeniciana Strand, 1916 : Lep. Niepelt. (2):25, pl.13, fig.8,♀. TL. Sikkim. (♀, NHML)
Papilio memnon ab.♀aphrodite Rober, 1927 : Int. ent. Z. 21(13):97. TL. Naga Hills. (♀)
Papilio memnon aurantiaca Rousseau-Decelle, 1933 : Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 38(17):273. TL. Tonkin ?.(♂) (homonym).
Papilio memnon agenor ab.pohli Dufrane, 1946 : Bull. Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 82:116. TL. India. (♂)
Papilio memnon f.indiv.♂coeruleocinetus Rousseau-Decelle, 1947 : Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 51:129. TL. Hoa Binh, Tonkin.(♂)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀f.tanahsahi Eliot, 1982 : Malay Nat. J. 35:179. TL. Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. (♀, NHML)
Papilio memnon agenor ♂f.syedzahiruddini Tung, 1982 : Tokurana 4:59, pl.9, figs.1♂,2♂(Un). TL. 17th Mile, Cameron Highlands, Perak. (♂, in coll. V.W.Y.Tung)

esperi ; ♀, Type (red), Rh.11024, Malacca. Pinwell. (NHML, examined)
phoenyx ; ♀, Province Wellesley. (NHML, examined)
cirix ; ♂, Malacca. (NHML, examined) ; ♀, Malacca. (NHML, examined)
primigenius ; ♂, Apr.1889. Khasi Hills, W.A.Hamilton. (NHML, examined)
rhetenorina ; ♀, Cherra Punji. (NHML, examined)
phoeniciana ; ♀, Type HT (red), Sikkim. Strand det. (NHML, examined)
tanahsahi ; ♀, Holotype, 22.Feb.1975. Ulu Groh 800 ft, Gopeng, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. (NHML)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio memnon agenor ; Fruhstorfer,[1903] : 174. (Siam)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Godfrey,1916 : 110.
Papilio memnon agenor ; Pendlebury,1923 : 24. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Tai Sai River; Khao Ram)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Godfrey,1927 : 120. (N)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Godfrey,1930 : 213-214. (all over)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Godfrey,1932a : 264. (P)
Papilio memnon ♀f.alcanor ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 68. (Lampang: Me Htam Forest; Paknampoh)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Pinratana,1977 : 41, fig.P29,♂. (all over)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀f.distantianus ; Pinratana,1977 : 41, fig.P29,♀. (all over)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀f.esperi ; Pinratana,1977 : 42, fig.P29,♀. (Yala)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀f.butlerianus ; Pinratana,1977 : 42, fig.P29,♀. (Trang; Yala)
Papilio memnon agenor ♀f.agenor ; Pinratana,1977 : 43, fig.P29,♀. (all over)
Papilio memnon agenor f.agenor ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 24-25,43, pl.39 figs.31,♂,♂(variation) ; pl.40, fig.31,♀. (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Bangkok; Ratchaburi; Trang)
Papilio memnon agenor f.distantianus ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 24-25,43, pl.40, fig.31,♀. (Nakhon Nayok; Ratchaburi; Ranong; Trang)
Papilio memnon agenor f.esperi ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 24-25,43, not fig. (list only)
Papilio memnon agenor f.butlerianus ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 24-25,43, pl.41, fig.31,♀. (Ranong; Yala)
Papilio memnon agenor f.thetenorina ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 24-25, pl.41, fig.31,♀. (no data)
Papilio memnon agenor f.vinius ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 24-25, pl.42, fig.31,♀. (no data)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 24-25, pl.42, fig.31,Gynandromorph.
Papilio memnon agenor ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 251, fig.41,♀. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu; Phu Shang)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 16. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huay Sing; Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum; Ubon Ratchathani: Kaeng E-Keow)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 45-46. (Ubon Ratchathani: Kaen Tana; Mukdahan: Phu Hin Khan; Nam Tok Tad Ton)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 64, fig.42,♂. (Umphang)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 46, fig.29,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 84, pl.13, figs.P30,♂,♂(Un),♂♀(Gynandromorph) ; pl.14, figs.30,♀(f.agenor),♀(f.agenor),♀(f.distantianus),♀(f.distantianus),♀(f.alcanor),♀(f.rhetenorina),♀(f.butlerianus),♀(f.esperi). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Ranong; Yala)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀,♀,♀(Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2022.01.19)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 126, figs.♂,♂(Un); f.butreianus♀,♀(Un); f.vinus♀,♀(Un); f.agenor♀,♀(Un); f.distantianus♀,♀(Un). (Maethro; Bang Salok; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Khao Yai; Sarika; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kratchin WF; Khao Khiewo; Khao Phang WF; Sai York Noi; Kuawai Yai; Khlong Naka; Kam Puang; Ka Chong; Satun; Thaleban; Than To WF.)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 84, pl.13, figs.P28,♂,♂(Un),♂♀(Gynandromorph) ; pl.14, figs.28,♀(f.agenor), ♀(f.agenor),♀(f.distantianus),♀(f.distantianus),♀(f.alcanor),♀(f.rhetenorina),♀(f.butlerianus),♀(f.esperi). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Ranong; Yala)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Papilio memnon agenor ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Phetchabun; Sa Kaeo; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.05.16)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 160-161, figs.Abb.Pa-095-106,242-259. (Phang Nga)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)

[ LAOS ]
Papilio memnon agenor ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 46, pl.6, figs.3♂,4♂(Un),5,♀,6,♀(Un),7,♀,8,♀(Un). (Luang Prabang; Vientiane; Simouang; Tha Ngone; Ban Houei Sai; Nam Moh; Nam Ngum Dam)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 200, pl.14, figs.♂,♂(Un) ; pl.15, figs.♀(f.agenor),♀(f.distantianus). (Thabok; Luang Phrabang; Muang Khouang)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 38-39. (Namdhua; Thakhek)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 359-361. (throughout Laos)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Onodera,2009b : 34-35. (Vientinane: Namsong Riverside)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 41.
Papilio memnon agenor ; Onodera,2022 : 7, pl.29, figs.♂,♂(Un), pl.30,♂,♂(Un), pl.31,♀,♀(Un), pl.32,♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Phon Si; Thabok)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Papilio memnon agenor ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Papilio memnon ; Onodera,2007 : 26,27, fig.7♂. (Rattanakiri: Ou Chum; Siem Reap: Phnum Kuhlen)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Koh Kong; Kratie; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Pursat; Siem Reap; Ratanakiri; Takeo)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio agenor ; Joannis,1901 : 333. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Fruhstorfer,[1903] : 174. (Tonkin: Chime-Hoa / Annam: Xom-Gom; Phuc-Son)
Papilio agenor ; Lemée,1950 : 3. (Hagiang; Langson)
Papilio memnon f.♀.alcanor ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 149. (N.Tonkin)
Papilio memnon f.♀.alcanor ; Dubois & Vitalis,1919 : 214. (N.Tonkin)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N / C / S)
Papilio memnon agenor f.♀.agenor ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N)
Papilio memnon agenor f.♀.alcanor ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N / C / S)
Papilio memnon agenor f.♀.distantianus ; Metaye,1957 : 83. (N / C / S)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 17, figs.4:6,♂,7,♂(Un),8,♀, 9:9(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Shinkai,1999 : 55. (N: Tam Dao / S: Bao Lac)
Papilio memnon ; Vu,2003 : 56. (Phu Quoc)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Luong et al.,2004 : 1, 24, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 7, figs.Pa-18,♂,♀,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Gung Re; Bao Loc; Dai Duc Me; Madagui; Dong Nai: Thac Mai; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien; Ta Cu; Ho Chi Minh)
Papilio memnon ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 61-62, pl.16, figs.a♂,b♀(f.distantianus),c♀(f.alcanor),d♀(f.agenor),e♀(f.agenor),f♀(f.agenor). (throughout Vietnam)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 13. (N / C / S)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Papilio memnon agenor ; Saito et al.,2017 ; 77. (S: Nui Cam)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 1♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 6♂ 6♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 2♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 3♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Uttaradit : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Loei : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 3♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chaiyaphum : 3♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 5♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.) : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Satun : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Yala : 5♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Xieng Khouang : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai : 12♂ 2♀ (incl. photo by K.Phongpiyamit).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Vientiane : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 12♂ 16♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 1♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is very common in secondary and montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 10 - 1600m) and it is often seen in urban areas. Both sexes visit flowers. Males form flight paths along streams or forest edges, and frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
The female is polymorphic, with very variable, and mimics various species of Troides, Atrophaneura (especially varuna and nox) and Losaria doubledayi etc.
Condamine et al.,2023 divided the taxon memnon into two species, memnon and agenor, based on molecular analysis.

Linnaeus, C.,1758 : Systema naturae per regna tria naturae,secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis.
Holmiae, Laurentil Salvii. (Edition 10). 1(Animalia):[iv]+824pp.

Cramer, P.,1775-1780 :
De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique.
Amsteldam, S.J.Baalde; Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp.
1(1/7):i-xxx, 1-16, 1-132, pls.1-84 ([31 December]1775), (8):133-155, pls.85-96 (1776); 2(9/16):1-151, pls.97-192 (1777); 3(17/22):1-128, pls.193-264 (1779), (23/24):129-176, pls.265-288 (1780); 4(25/26):1-28, pls.289-304 (1780)

Butler, A.G.,[1879] : The Butterflies of Malacca.
Trans. linn. Soc. Lond., (2)Zool. 1(8):533-568, pl.68,69.

Distant, W.L.,1882-1886 : Rhopalocera Malayana : a Description of the Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula.
London, Author, Penang, Logan : xvi+482+[4]pp, 46 pls.

Robbe, H.,1892 : Insectes du Bengale occidental.
Liste d'une collection de Lepidopteres recueillis au Bengale occidential; avec une description d'une variete nouvelle et quelques considerations sur des especes connues.
Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 36:122-131.

Rothschild, L.W.,1895 : A revision of the Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere, exclusive of Africa.
Novit. zool. 2(3):167-463, pl.4.

Moore, F.,1901-1902 : Lepidoptera Indica. vol.V. Rhopalocera, Family Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Papilionidae.
5:1-96, 1901; 97-225, 1902. L.Reeve & Co., London.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1902 : Neue Papilioformen und andere Lepidopteren aus Ost-Asien und dem malayischen Archipel.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 15:306-315.

Strand, E.,1914-1916 : Lepidoptera Niepeltiana.
Abbidungen und Beschreibungen neuer und wenig bekannter Lepidoptera aus der Sammlung W.Niepelt.
Leipzig, Druck von Urban 4to (1):1-65, pls.1-12(1914); (2):[4]+1-27pp, pls.13-17(1916).

Rober, J.,1927 : Neue exotische Falter.
Int. ent. Z. 21(13):97-100.

Rousseau-Decelle, G.,1933 : Notes sur queques formes nouvelles des genres Papilio et Charaxes. (Lep.)
Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 38(17):269-273.

Dufrane, A.,1946 : Papilionidae
Bull. Annls Soc. ent. Belg. 82:101-122.

Rousseau-Decelle, G.,1947 : Contribution a letude des Papilio de la faune Indo-Oceanienne (Lep. Papilionidae)
Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 51:128-133.

Corbet, A.S.,1949 : The Linnaean Names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Part 7. Summary of Determinations.
Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond (B)18(9-10):191-199.

Eliot, J.N.,1982 : On three swallowtail butterflies from Peninsular Malaysia.
Malay Nat. J. 35:179-182.

Tung, V.W.Y.,1982 : Notes on variant forms of Malaysian Butterflies
Tokurana (Acta Rhopalocera) 4:57-64, 3 pls.

Condamine, F.L., Allio, R., Reboud, E.L., Dupuis, J.R., Toussaint, E.F.A., Mazet, N., Hu, S.J., Lewis, D.S., Kunte, K., Cotton, A.M. & Sperling, F.A.H.,2023 :
A comprehensive phylogeny and revised taxonomy illuminate the origin and diversification of the global radiation of Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 183 (2023) 107758:1-22.

♂, Yala, Thailand.	♀, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Chaiyaphum, Thailand.	♀, Yala, Thailand.
♂, Lampang, Thailand.	♀ with ♂, Yala, Thailand.
♀, Nan, Thailand.	♀, Bolikhamxai, Laos. (photo by K.Phongpiyamit)

1996.10.02 - 2023.05.31.