♂, Houaphan, Laos.		♀, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Rai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Rai. Thailand.

ON : Papilio erithonius loc. f. malayanus Wallace, 1865 OD : Trans. linn. soc. Lond. 25(1): 59. TL : 'Singapore; Flores; Manila'. (NHML) Distribution : S.Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra. ● ssp.demoleus ● ssp.malayanus

Papilio demoleus annamiticus Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Deut. ent. Z. [Iris] 14(2): 271. TL. "Xom-Gom, Süd-Annam" [near Phan Rang, Ninh Thuan, C.Vietnam]. (NHML)
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912 : Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912(11): 247. Loc. "Cambodge, Pnom-Penh" [Phnom Penh, Cambodia]. (NHML) (IFS)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ♀f. leowi Tung, 1982 : Tokurana 4: 58, pl.11, figs.1,♀, 2,♀(Un). Loc. "Tapah, Perak" [Tapah, Perak, W.Malaysia]. (in coll. V.W.Y.Tung) (IFS)

malayanus ; ♂, Type (red), Rh.10939, #149311, Singapore. Wallace. (NHML, examined)
annamiticus ; ♂, Syntype (blue) ; Type (red), #149312, Xom-Gom, Sud-Annam, Februar, H.Fruhstorfer. (NHML, examined)
chryseis ; ♂, Syntype (blue) ; Paratype (yellow), #149313, Pnom Penh, Cambodge. (NHML, examined)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Jordan,1908-1909 : 48. (Siam)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1916 : 110.
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Pendlebury,1923 : 23. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Tai Sai River; Lan Saka)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1927 : 119. (N)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1930 : 211. (all over)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1932a : 264. (P)
Papilio demoleus ; Best,1962 : 51. ("Puket" [Phuket])
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Pinratana,1977 : 30, figs.P21,♂[♀],♀[♂].
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 21,42, pl.25, fig.21,♂. (every where)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 251, fig.38,♀. (Mukdahan: Phu Pha Thaep)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 15. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang; Nam Tok Soi Sawan)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 45. (Ubon Ratchathani: Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huai Sing)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 64, fig.41,♂. (Umphang)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 45-46, fig.26,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; RDPB & DNP,2006–2008 : Butterflies in Hala-Bala Forest, fig.[♀]. (Narathiwat: Hala Bala) (last update: 2006.12.28 ; accessed: 2024.04.10)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 74, pl.8, figs.P21,♂,♀. (everywhere)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Les Day,2011–2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂[♀],♂(Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2021.12.27)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 121, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Inthanon; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Muak Lek; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Chanthaburi; Kratchin WF; Khao Chamaoh; Bang Sarrey; Bang Phra; Bangkok; Kaeng Chai; Khao Phang WF; Kanchanaburi; Wang Kheo; Ka Chong)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 74, pl.8, figs.P20,♂,♀. (everywhere)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 156, figs.Abb.Pa-074-075,178,187. (Phang Nga)
Papilio demoleus ; Chueamueangphan et al.,2025 : 209. (Phayao: Mae Puem N.P.)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Nishimura,2025 : 25, fig.97,♂,97v♂(Un). (Mae Hong Son: Kung Mai Sak)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Sophonviwatkul et al.,2015– : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Phetchabun; Sa Kaeo; Bangkok; Chachoengsao; Trat; Ratchaburi) (accessed: 2026.06.17)

[ LAOS ]
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 46, pl.4, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un). (Tha Ngone; Vientiane; Ban Houei Sai; Luang Prabang; Nam Ngum Dam)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Osada et al.,1999 : 200, pl.9, fig.♂. (Luang Phrabang)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 38. (Nhahin; Nakai)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 346-347. (Thabok; Thakhek; Koun Kham)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Onodera,2009b : 40. (Khammouan: Thakhek)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 41.
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Onodera,2022 : 8, pl.42, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khammouan: Thakhek; Natung)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 148. (Pnom Pehn)
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis ; Vitalis,1919 : 213. (Pnom Pehn)
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 11. (Pnom Penh)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs.♂,♂(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Papilio demoleus ; Onodera,2009 : 38. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Kosterin,2019 : 89. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Kosterin,2019b : 26. (Ratanakiri)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Kosterin,2020 : 312. (Siem Reap; Stung Treng)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Battambang; Kampong Chhnang; Kandal; Koh Kong; Kep; Mondulkiri; Oddar Meanchey; Phnom Penh; Preah Sihanouk; Pursat; Preah Vihear; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng; Takeo)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio demoleus f.temp. annamiticus ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 171-172. (Annam: Phuc-Son)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1919 : 464. (S: Daban)
Papilio demoleus ab. annamiticus ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 11. (Annam)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Metaye,1957 : 81 (C / S) (partim)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Metaye,1957 : 81. (C)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ab.♂ demoleinus ; Metaye,1957 : 81 (C / S) (partim)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ab. annamiticus ; Metaye,1957 : 81. (C)
Papilio demoleus ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 13, figs.3:13♀,14♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Shinkai,1999 : 51-52. (Tam Dao / Bao Lac)
Papilio demoleus ; Vu,2003 : 56. (Phu Quoc)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Luong et al.,2004 : 1, 23, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Miyazaki et al.,2006 : 7, fig.pa-10,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Papilio demoleus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 47-48, pl.11, figs.1b♂,1c♂. (C / S)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Nihira,2009 : 98. (Phu Quoc)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 20, fig.Pa-10,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Madagui; Phan Thiet)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 12. (C / S)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Saito et al.,2017 : 77. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Coto)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Saito et al.,2021 : 461. (Phu Quoc)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 6♂ 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

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May

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Dec

Chiang Mai : 8♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

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Sep

Oct

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Phrae : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 1♂ 1♀ (photo).

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Jun

Jul

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Oct

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Trat : 1♀.

Jan

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Mar

Apr

May

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Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

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Ranong : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Yala : 2♂ 1♀ (photo by S.Atdhabhan).

Jan

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May

Jun

Jul

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Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Houaphan ; 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai ; 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

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Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 3♂.

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Champasak : 2♂.

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The butterfly is very common in secondary forests and gardens in urban areas at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 10 - 1000m). Both sexes visit flowers. Males form flight paths along streams or forest edges, and are frequently observed mud-puddling along stream banks and at puddles.
Some examples in northern Indochina seem slightly closer to ssp.demoleus. Further taxonomic study is needed.

Wallace, A.R.,1865 : On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidae of the Malayan Region.
Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. 25(1): 1-71, pls.1-8.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1902 : Neue und seltene Lepidopteren aus Annam und Tonkin und dem malayischen Archipel.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 14(2): 265-276, pl.5. (1.Mar.1902)

Boullet, E. & Le Cerf, F.,1912 : Descriptions sommarires de formes nouvelles de Papilionidae (Lep). de la collection du Muséum de Paris (2e note).
Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912(11): 246-247.

Tung, V.W.Y.,1982 : Notes on variant forms of Malaysian Butterflies.
Tokurana (Acta Rhopalocera) 4: 57-64, 3 pls.

♂, Phetchabun, Thailand.	♀, Phetchabun, Thailand.
♂, Phrae, Thailand.
♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)	♀, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)

1996.10.02 - 2026.06.30.