Horaga onyx onyx

Horaga onyx onyx (Moore, [1858])


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Surat Thani, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

ON : Thecla onyx Moore, [1858]
OD : in: Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. East-India Co. 1:30.
TL : 'Moulmein' [Himalaya].(NHML)

Distribution : Nepal, India (Sikkim; Assam), Myanmar, Thailand (Surat Thani and Northward), Laos, Vietnam.

	● ssp.onyx
	● ssp.sardonyx

Synonym

Horaga onyx forma arta Fruhstorfer, 1914 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 28(1):34. TL. Assam, [India].

Type Material Information

onyx ; Holotype ♂, Himalaya. (NHML)

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Horaga onyx onyx ; Cowan,1966 : 115-116. (Thailand)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Pinratana,1981 : 125, pl.23, fig.3 ; pl.31,♂, fig.4,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Lampang)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 259, fig.158,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 678, pl.310, figs.L334,♂,♂(Un),♀[♂],♀[♂](Un). (Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Khao Poata)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 716, pl.328, figs.L358,♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Khao Pota)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 102, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Bun Kahn; Phu Huay Sing; Muang Shone)
Horaga onyx onyx ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Lampang) (accessed: 2024.06.08)

[ LAOS ]
Horaga onyx onyx ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 218, pl.124, figs.♂(dsf),♀(dsf). (Lak Sao) (in part)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 55.

[ VIETNAM ]
Horaga onyx ; Metaye,1957 : 88. (no loc.)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 29, fig.L-183,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 42. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Horaga onyx onyx ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 64. (N: Bac Can / C: Lam Dong / S: Dong Nai)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai (Alt. 400 - 1600m) : 9♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nan : 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nakhon Nayok : 1♀ (photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Surat Thani (Khao Poata) : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes

The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 350 - 1700m) and is sympatrically distributed with Horaga syrinx moulmeina. Males are territorial on trees at forest edges or hilltops. Time of male activity is different between the two species. In syrinx from about 11:00 to 14:00 while in onyx from about 14:00 to 16:00.
The specimen from Khao Poata, Surat Thani seems slightly transitional to ssp.sardonyx. Further taxonomic study is needed.

Literature

Moore, F.,[1858] : in: Horsfield & Moore, A catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company. Vol.1.
London, W.H. Allen and Co. v + 278 pp., 12 pls.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1914 : Neue Lycaenidae.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 28(1):33-35. (31.Mar.1914)

Cowan, C.F.,1966 : Indo-oriental Horagini (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae).
Bull. Brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 18(4):103-141, 3 pls.


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.

♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1999.07.18 - 2024.06.30.