Spalgis epius epius  (Westwood, [1851])

Spalgis epius ♂ Up. Spalgis epius ♂ Un. Spalgis epius ♀ Up. Spalgis epius ♀ Un.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♀, Ranong, Thailand.
Spalgis epius ♂ Up. Spalgis epius ♂ Un. Spalgis epius ♀ Up. Spalgis epius ♀ Un.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
Spalgis epius ♂ Up. Spalgis epius ♂ Un. Spalgis epius ♂ Up. Spalgis epius ♂ Un.
♂, Ranong, Thailand. ♂, Yala, Thailand.

ON : Lucia epius Westwood, [1851]
OD : in Doubleday, Gen. diurn. Lep. (2):502, pl.76, fig.5.
TL : Ceylon.
Distribution : Sri Lanka, S.India, Nepal to Myanmar,
Andamans, Nicobars, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Hainan, China, Taiwan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Singapore,
Borneo to W.New Guinea.
Spalgis epius epius map

Synonyms

Lucia pharnus C.Felder, 1860 : Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 40(11):460. TL. Amboina.
Lucia substrigata Snellen, 1878 : in Tijdschr. Ent. 21:15-16, pl.1, fig.2. TL. S.Sulawesi.
Lucia dilama Moore, 1878 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):701-702. TL. Hainan.
Lucia fangola Kheil, 1884 : Rhop. Nias :28, pl.5, fig.31. TL. Nias.
Spalgis nubilus Moore, [1884] : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883(4):522. TL. Andaman Isles.
Spalgis strigatus Semper, 1889 : in C.Semper, Reisen Philipp. (4):160, pl.31, fig.1,♀(Un). TL. Cebu. (♀)
Spalgis epius titius Fruhstorfer, [1919] : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):75. TL. E.Java.
Spalgis epius georgi Fruhstorfer, [1919] : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):76. TL. Bohol.
Spalgis epius semperi Fruhstorfer, [1919] : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):76. TL. Luzon.


Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Spalgis epius epius ; Godfrey,1930 : 313. (W: Klong Pong Kapo)
Spalgis epius epius ; Godfrey,1932a : 271. (Trang: Ko Libong)
Spalgis epius epius ; Pinratana,1981 : 35, pl.5, figs.21,♂,22,♂(Un),23,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Shaiyaphum; Nakhon Ratchasima)
Spalgis epius epius ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 32, fig.93,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Hin Dang)
Spalgis epius epius ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 53. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram)
Spalgis epius epius ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 552, pl.249, figs.L52,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nan; Chanthaburi)
Spalgis epius epius ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.[♀](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2023.04.26)
Spalgis epius epius ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 566, pl.256, figs.L74,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nan; Chanthaburi).
Spalgis epius epius ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 44, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Muok Leck; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Pliwn WF; Tarutao Is; Than To WF.)
Spalgis epius epius ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, fig., Early Stages. (Kanchanaburi; Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Nakhon Nayok;Trat; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2023.04.28)
Spalgis epius epius ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 129, figs.Abb.L-055-058. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Spalgis epius epius ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 69, pl.98, figs.B9,♀,B10,♀(Un). (Luang Prabang)
Spalgis epeus [sic] epeus [sic] ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 214, pl.108, figs.♂,♀. (Vientiane; Thabok)
Spalgis epius epius ; Onodera,2009b : 35. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside)
Spalgis epius ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 51.
Spalgis epius ; Onodera,2022 : 72, pl.204, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Vientiane: Vang Vieng)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Spalgis epius epius ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 120, fig.3I. (Koh Kong; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Spalgis epius ; Metaye,1957 : 91. (no loc.)
Spalgis epius ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.1:17,♂,18,♂(Un),6:6(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Spalgis epius epius ; Luong et al.,2004 : 9. (Cuc Phuong)
Spalgis epius epius ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,[2007] : 50, figs.L-12,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Gung Re; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Spalgis epius epius ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 48. (N / C / S)


Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 10♂ 2♀ (incl. photo & photo by A.Giudici).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chanthaburi : 1♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Ranong : 1♂ 1♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.) : 1♀ (photo by A.Giudici).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Yala : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


Notes

The butterfly is common in montane and secondary forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 30 - 900m) and is occasionally found at garden trees in a town. Males are territorial on shrubs or trees at forest edges from 11:00 to 14:00.


Literature

Westwood, J.O.,1850-1852 : In Doubleday et al., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera.
vol.2 : ii + pp.251-534, pls.31-80,54. London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

Moore, F.,1878 : List of Lepidopterous Insects collected by the late R.Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):695-708.

Snellen, P.C.T. & Piepers, C.,1878 : Opgave van en Aanteekeningen over Lepidoptera in Zud-West Celebes Verzameld.
Tijdschr. Ent. 21:1-43, 1 pl.

Felder, C.,1860 : Lepidopterorum Amboinensium a Dre L. Doleschall annis 1856-1868 collectorum species novae, diagnostibus collustratae.(1) Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 40(11):(447)448-462.

Kheil, N.P.,1884 : Zur Fauna des Indo-Malayischen Archipels. Die Rhoplalocera der Insel Nias
[1-5], 6-38, 5pls.

Moore, F.,[1884] : Descriptions of new Asiatic Diurnal Lepidoptera.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883(4):521-535, pls.48-49.

Semper, G.,1886-1892 : In C.Semper, Die Schmetterlinge der Philippinischen Inseln. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen.
(1):1-46, pl.1-8, A(1886) ; (2):47-86, pl.9-16(1887) ; (3):87-134, pl.17-24(1888) ; (4):135-174, pl.25-32(1889) ; (5):175-238, pl.33-38, B(1890) ; (6):239-270, pl.39-46(1891) ; (7):271-380, pl.47-49[iv](1892).

Fruhstorfer, H.,[1919] : Spalgis, eine bicontinentale Lycaenidgattung.
Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):73-76.

Seki et al.,1991 : Butterflies of Borneo. Vol.2, No.1. Lycaenidae.
Tobishima Corporation.


Spalgis epius ♂ Spalgis epius ♀
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
Spalgis epius ♂ Spalgis epius ♀
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♀, Surat Thani, Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici)

1999.07.20 - 2023.09.30.

A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.