♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Ranong, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♂, Yala, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

ON : Lucia epius Westwood, 1851 OD : In: Doubleday, Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): pl.76, fig.5. TL : "Ceylon" [Sri Lanka]. Distribution : Sri Lanka, S.India, Nepal to Myanmar, Andamans, Nicobars, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, China, Taiwan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo to W.New Guinea.

Lucia pharnus C.Felder, 1860; Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 40(11): 460; TL: "Amboina" [Pulau Ambon].
Lucia substrigata Snellen, 1878; In: Snellen & Piepers, Tijdschr. Ent. 21: 15–16, pl.1, fig.2; TL: "Zuid-West Celebes" [S.W.Sulawesi].
Lucia dilama Moore, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3): 701–702; TL: Hainan.
Lucia fangola Kheil, 1884; Rhop. Nias : 28, pl.5, fig.31; TL: Nias.
Spalgis nubilus Moore, 1884; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883(4): 522; TL: Andaman Isles.
Spalgis strigatus Semper, 1889; In: Semper, C.G., Reisen Philipp. 5(Heft 4): 160, pl.31, fig.1,♀(Un); TL: "Cebú" [Cebu, Philippines].
Spalgis epius titius Fruhstorfer, 1919; Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1): 75; TL: "Ostjava" [E.Java].
Spalgis epius georgi Fruhstorfer, 1919; Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1): 76; TL: "Bohol", [Bohol, Philippines].
Spalgis epius semperi Fruhstorfer, 1919; Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1): 76; TL: "Luzon" [Luzon, Philippines].

[ THAILAND ]
Spalgis epius epius: Godfrey,1930 : 313. (W: Klong Pong Kapo)
Spalgis epius epius: Godfrey,1932a : 271. (Trang: Ko Libong)
Spalgis epius epius: Pinratana,1981 : 35, pl.5, figs.21,♂,22,♂(Un),23,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Ratchasima)
Spalgis epius epius: Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 32, fig.93,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Hin Dang)
Spalgis epius epius: Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 53. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram)
Spalgis epius epius: Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 552, pl.249, figs.L52,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nan; Chanthaburi)
Spalgis epius epius: Les Day,2011–2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.[♀](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2023.04.26)
Spalgis epius epius: Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 566, pl.256, figs.L74,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nan; Chanthaburi).
Spalgis epius epius: Kimura et al.,2014 : 44, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Muok Leck; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Pliwn WF; Tarutao Is; Than To WF.)
Spalgis epius epius: Sophonviwatkul et al.,2015– : Butterflies of Thailand, fig., Early Stages. (Kanchanaburi; Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Nakhon Nayok;Trat; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2023.04.28)
Spalgis epius epius: Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 129, figs.Abb.L-055–058. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Spalgis epius epius: Motono & Negishi,1989 : 69, pl.98, figs.B9,♀,B10,♀(Un). (Luang Prabang)
Spalgis epeus [sic] epeus [sic]: Osada et al.,1999 : 214, pl.108, figs.♂,♀. (Vientiane; Thabok)
Spalgis epius epius: Onodera,2009b : 35. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside)
Spalgis epius: Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 51.
Spalgis epius: Onodera,2022 : 72, pl.204, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Vientiane: Vang Vieng)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Spalgis epius epius: Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 120, fig.3I. (Koh Kong; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Spalgis epius: Metaye,1957 : 91. (no loc.)
Spalgis epius: Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.1:17,♂,18,♂(Un),6:6(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Spalgis epius epius: Luong et al.,2004 : 9. (Cuc Phuong)
Spalgis epius epius: Miyazaki et al.,2006d : 50, figs.L-12,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Gung Re; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Spalgis epius epius: Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 48. (N; C; S)
Spalgis epius epius: Saito et al.,2021 : 465. (Phu Quoc)

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 10♂ 2♀ (incl. photo & photo by A.Giudici).

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Dec

Nan : 1♂ (photo).

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Chanthaburi : 1♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

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Ranong : 1♂ 1♀.

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Dec

Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.) : 1♀ (photo by A.Giudici).

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Yala : 1♂.

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Dec

The butterfly is common in forests at low to moderate elevations (30–1,400 m a.s.l.) and is occasionally found at secondary forests or garden trees in a town. Males are territorial on shrubs or trees at forest edges from 11:00 to 16:00.

Westwood, J.O, 1851. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus.
Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, 2(50): 455–466, pls. 74–77. ([5].Dec.1851)

Felder, C, 1860. Lepidopterorum Amboinensium a Dre. L. Doleschall annis 1856–1858 collectorum species novae diagnosibus collustratae. (1)
Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 40(11): 448–462.

Moore, F, 1878. List of Lepidopterous Insects collected by the late R. Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan.
Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1878(3): 695–708.

Snellen, P.C.T, 1878. In: Snellen, P.C.T. & M.C. Piepers, Opgave van en Aanteekeningen over Lepidoptera in Zuid-West Celebes Verzameld.
Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 21: 1–43, 1 pl.

Kheil, N.P, 1884. Zur Fauna des Indo-Malayischen Archipels. Die Rhoplalocera der Insel Nias.
Author, Prag, [1–5], 6–38, 5 pls.

Moore, F, 1884. Descriptions of new Asiatic Diurnal Lepidoptera.
Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1883(4): 521–535, pls. 48–49.

Semper, G, 1889. Die Tagfalter. In: Semper, C.G. (Ed.), Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen.
Zweiter Theil: Wissenschaftliche Resultate, C.W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, Fünfter Band, Lieferung, 4: 135–174, pls. 25–32.

Fruhstorfer, H, 1919. Spalgis, eine bicontinentale Lycaenidengattung.
Archiv für Naturgeschichte, (A) 83(1): 73–76. (Feb.1919)

Seki, Y., Takanami, Y. & Otsuka, K, 1991. In: Otsuka, K. (Ed.), Butterflies of Borneo. vol.2, No.1. Lycaenidae.
Tobishima Corporation. Tokyo, Japan. x + 139 pp (Japanese text), x + 113 pp (English text) + 1, 70 pls.

♂ (territorial behaviour), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behaviour), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Surat Thani, Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici)

1999.07.20 - 2026.03.31.