Miletus mallus
(Fruhstorfer, 1913)
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♂, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
♀, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
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♂ (dsf), Sekong, Laos. |
♀ (dsf), Sekong, Laos. |
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♂, Sekong, Laos. |
♂, Oudomxai, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera) |
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♂, Xieng Khouang, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera) |
♀, Xieng Khouang, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera) |
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♂ genitalia, Sekong, Laos. |
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♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (dsf), Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
♂ (dsf), Phetchabun, Thailand. |
ON :
Gerydus croton mallus Fruhstorfer, 1913
OD : Z. wiss. InsektBiol. 9(10):310.
TL : Sud-Annam. (♂, NHML)
Distribution : Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S.Yunnan.
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Synonym
"Gerydus gethusus Fruhstorfer, [1916] : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9:816. TL. Chiem Hoa, Tonkin. (♂, NHML)"
Miletus bannanus Huang & Xue, 2004 : Neue Ent. Nachr. 57:155, pl.12a, figs.1(HT,♂),2(HT,♂Un). TL. 20km W of Meng-la, Xi-shuang-ban-na, S.Yunnan, China. (♂, EMIZ)
Type Material Information
bannanus ;
Holotype ♂, 20.Jul.2003. 20km west of Meng-la, Xi-shuang-ban-na, S.Yunnan, China. H.Huang (EMIZ)
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Miletus croton corus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : pl.243, figs.L23b♂,♂(Un). ("Koh Tarutao; Khao Chong" [loc.err.]) (in part)
Miletus croton corus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : pl.249, figs.L47b♂,♂(Un). ("Koh Tarutao; Khao Chong" [loc.err.]) (in part)
Miletus mallus shania ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 35, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Kradung; Phu Khiewo) (in part)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Miletus mallus mallus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 130. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
[ VIETNAM ]
Gerydus croton mallus ; Seitz,1915-1927 : 816. (S.Annam: Plateau of Dran)
Gerydus croton mallus ; Metaye,1957 : 88. (N / C)
Gerydus gethusus ; Metaye,1957 : 88. (N)
"Miletus chinensis learchus ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.1:11,♂,12,♀,13,♀(Un),6:4(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)"
"Miletus mallus mallus ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.1:14,♀,15,♀(Un),16,♂,6:5(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)"
"Miletus mallus mallus ; Luong et al.,2004 : 9, 74, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)"
Miletus mallus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 42. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Phong Dien)
Miletus mallus mallus ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,[2007] : 49, figs.L-6,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Miletus mallus mallus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 47. (N / C / S)
Miletus mallus mallus ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 42. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 10♂ 3♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 2♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Oudomxai : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Luang Phabang : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Xieng Khouang : 2♂ 2♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Bolikhamxai : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Sekong : 2♂ 2♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Gia Lai : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lam Dong : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The taxa mallus and shania differ in male genitalia, markings on the UpF, and size. Therefore, I consider they are two distinct species.
Furthermore, Miletus bannanus seems to be the same species as mallus in terms of genitalia and markings characteristics.
I treat the name of shania as species provisionally, however the taxon gethusus might not belong to mallus. If this taxon is the same species as shania, the specific name would be changed. Further taxonomic study is needed.
The butterfly is common in montane forest at moderate elevations (Alt. 550m - 1000m).
In 2021, It was found in a place and confirmed that both mallus and shania occur sympatrically in Chiang Mai, N.Thailand.
This species is found confined to broadleaf bamboo bushes inside of forests, whereas Miletus shania prefers hilltops and forest edges.
Males are territorial on shrubs or undergrowth inside forest from 12:30 to sunset.
The male specimen shown in Ek-Amnuay,[2007],2012 as Miletus croton corus seems to be mallus and locality "Koh Tarutao ; Khao Chong" is considered to be incorrect. Hitherto neither croton nor mallus has been recorded from Peninsular Thailand.
Literature
Fruhstorfer, H.,1913 : Uebersicht der Gerydinae und Diagnosen neuer oder verkannter Formen (Lep., Lyc).
Z. wiss. InsektBiol. 9(8/9):242-247, 9(10):307-310, 9(11):341-344, 9(12):367-371.
Fruhstorfer, H.,[1916] : 8. Familie: Lycaenidae, 2. Subfamilie: Gerydinae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9.
809-816. (16.Dec.1916)
Eliot, J.N.,1961 : An analysis of the Genus Miletus (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).
Bull. Raffles Mus. 26:154-177, 24 figs.
Eliot, J.N.,1986 : A review of the Miletini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).
Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 53(1):1-105, 108 figs.
Huang H. & Xue, Y.P.,2004 : A new species of Miletus from the extreme south of Yunnan, China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)
Neue Ent. Nachr. 57:155-160.
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| ♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ (dsf), Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (ds), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
