Calinaga brahma bedoci

Calinaga brahma bedoci Le Cerf, 1927


♂, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Lao Cai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)

♂, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♂, Ha Giang, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)


♂, Bolikhamxai, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera)		♀, Bolikhamxai, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera)

ON : Calinaga buddah [sic] bedoci Le Cerf, 1927
OD : Encyc. ent. Ser.B.III. Lep. 2:45-46, pl.4, fig.7,♂.
TL : "Haut-Tonkin" [N.Vietnam]. (MNHN).

Distribution : E.Laos, N.Vietnam, Yunnan (Xishuangbanna).

	● ssp.sudassana
	● ssp.bedoci
	● transition area of sudassana and bedoci
	● ssp.distans

Synonyms

Calinaga buddah-bedoi [sic] f. indiv. derufa Le Cerf, 1927 : Encyc. ent. Ser.B.III. Lep. 2:46-47. TL. "Haut-Tonkin" [N.Vietnam]. (NMHN)
Calinaga buddha sapaensis Funahashi, 2003 : Wallace 8:9, pl.3, fig.12(HT,♂). TL. Sapa, Lao Cai, N.Vietnam.

Type Materials Information

bedoci ;
Holotype ♂, Haut Tonkin. ex J.-M.Bédoc. 1926. (MNHN)
Paratypes 4♂, same data as holotype. (MNHN)
derufa ;
Holotype ♂, Haut Tonkin. ex J.-M.Bédoc. 1926. (MNHN)
Paratypes 2♂, same data as holotype. (MNHN)
sapaensis ;
Holotype ♂, Apr.1992. Sapa, alt.2000m, Lao Cai, N.Vietnam. (in coll. Funahashi)
Paratypes : 20♂ 5♀, Apr.1992. Sapa, alt.2000m, Lao Cai, N.Vietnam. (in coll. Funahashi)

Records taken from Literature

[ LAOS ]
Calinaga buddha sudassana ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 209, pl.84, figs.♂,♂. (Lak Sao)
Calinaga sudassana distans ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 47.
Calinaga bedoci bedoci ; Tshikolovets,2020 : 54-56, pl.VII, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un),5,♂,6,♂(Un); pl.VIII, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Ban Napé)

[ VIETNAM ]
Calinaga buddha bedoci ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 44. (N: Lao Cai)
Calinaga sudassana bedoci ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):43-4, pl.2, figs.1c♂, 1d♂(Un), 1e(f. derufa,HT,♂),1f(f. derufa,HT,♂Un). (N: Sapa; Hoang Lien; Van Ban)
Calinaga bedoci bedoci ; Tshikolovets,2020 : 54-56, pl.VII, figs.1(HT of bedoci,♂),2(HT of bedoci,♂Un); pl.VIII, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un),5(HT of derufa,♂),6(HT of derufa,♂Un). ("Tonkin" [Vietnam])

Specimens Examined

[ LAOS ]
Bolikhamxai : 2♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Ha Giang : 2♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Lao Cai : 3♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Yen Bai : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes

The specimens from Bolikhamxai, E.Laos have similar markings to sudassana, however the shape of the hindwing is different. It seems transition area between sudassana and bedoci.
Tshikolovets (2020: 47) treated the taxa brahma, sudassana, bedoci as "superspecies brahma" and these taxa as separate species. Subsequently, Todisco et al. (2024) treated these taxa as subspecies of brahma based on molecular analysis. Their analysis, including the genital findings of brahma and sudassana, which I have examined, is convincing and I have followed it here. The genus Calinaga is extremely difficult to identify by morphological characteristics and requires a comprehensive verification, including examination of genitalia and further DNA analysis.

Literature

Le Cerf, FD.,1927 : Lépidoptères nouveaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris et notes diverses
Encycl. ent. Ser. B. III. Lep. 2:44-47, pl.4.

Funahashi, A.,2003 : Description of a new subspecies of Calinaga buddha Moore, 1857 from Sapa, N.Vietnam.
in Butterflies of Vietnam part.2., Descriptions of 19 New subspecies of Butterflies from Vietnam.
Wallace 8:9, pl.3.

Lang, S.Y.,2012 : The Nymphalidae of China (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) Part 1
Libytheinae, Danainae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Heliconiinae, Nymphalinae, Charaxinae, Apaturinae, Cyrestinae, Biblidinae, Limenitinae
456 pp, 32 col. + 41 black&white pls. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice.

Tshikolovets, V.,2020 : The Genus Calinaga Moore, [1858] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Calinaginae).
Tshikolovets Publications. 159 pp, 56 pls.

Todisco, V., Basu, D.N., Prosser, S.W.J., Russell, S., Mutanen, M., Zilli, A., Huertas, B., Kunte, K. & Vane-Wright, R.,2024 :
DNA barcodes from over-a-century-old type specimens shed light on the taxonomy of a group of rare butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Calinaginae).
PLoS ONE 19(7): e0305825. "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305825"

2020.01.31 - 2024.10.31.