♂, Houaphan, Laos.		♀, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Rai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Rai. Thailand.

ON : Papilio erithonius loc. f. malayanus Wallace, 1865 OD : Trans. linn. soc. Lond. 25(1):59. TL : Singapore. (partim) (NHML) Distribution : S.Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra. ● ssp.demoleus ● ssp.malayanus

Papilio demoleus annamiticus Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Deut. ent. Z. [Iris] 14(2):271. TL. Xom-Gom, S.Annam. (NHML)
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912 : Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912(11):247. TL. "Cambodge, Pnom-Penh" [Phnom Penh, Cambodia]. (NHML) (IFS)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ♀f. leowi Tung, 1982 : Tokurana 4:58, pl.11, figs.1,♀,2,♀(Un). TL. Tapah, Perak. (♀, in coll. V.W.Y.Tung) (IFS)

malayanus ; ♂, Type (red), Rh.10939, #149311, Singapore. Wallace. (NHML, examined)
annamiticus ; ♂, Syntype (blue) ; Type (red), #149312, Xom-Gom, Sud-Annam, Februar, H.Fruhstorfer. (NHML, examined)
chryseis ; ♂, Syntype (blue) ; Paratype (yellow), #149313, Pnom Penh, Cambodge. (NHML, examined)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Jordan,1908-1909 : 48. (Siam)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1916 : 110.
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Pendlebury,1923 : 23. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Tai Sai River; Lan Saka)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1927 : 119. (N)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1930 : 211. (all over)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1932a : 264. (P)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Pinratana,1977 : 30, figs.P21,♂[♀],♀[♂].
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 21,42, pl.25, fig.21,♂. (every where)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 251, fig.38,♀. (Mukdahan: Phu Pha Thaep)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 15. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang; Nam Tok Soi Sawan)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 45. (Ubon Ratchathani: Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huai Sing)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 64, fig.41,♂. (Umphang)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 45-46, fig.26,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; RDPB & DNP,2006-2008 : Butterflies in Hala-Bala Forest, fig.[♀]. (Narathiwat: Hala Bala) (last update: 2006.12.28 ; accessed: 2024.04.10)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 74, pl.8, figs.P21,♂,♀. (everywhere)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂[♀],♂(Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2021.12.27)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 121, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Inthanon; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Muak Lek; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Chanthaburi; Kratchin WF; Khao Chamaoh; Bang Sarrey; Bang Phra; Bangkok; Kaeng Chai; Khao Phang WF; Kanchanaburi; Wang Kheo; Ka Chong)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 74, pl.8, figs.P20,♂,♀. (everywhere)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Phetchabun; Sa Kaeo; Bangkok; Chachoengsao; Trat; Ratchaburi) (accessed: 2024.07.05)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 156, figs.Abb.Pa-074-075,178,187. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 46, pl.4, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un). (Tha Ngone; Vientiane; Ban Houei Sai; Luang Prabang; Nam Ngum Dam)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 200, pl.9, fig.♂. (Luang Phrabang)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 38. (Nhahin; Nakai)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 346-347. (Thabok; Thakhek; Koun Kham)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Onodera,2009b : 40. (Khammouan: Thakhek)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 41.
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Onodera,2022 : 8, pl.42, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khammouan: Thakhek; Natung)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 148. (Pnom Pehn)
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis ; Vitalis,1919 : 213. (Pnom Pehn)
Papilio demoleus ab. chryseis ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 11. (Pnom Penh)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs.♂,♂(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Papilio demoleus ; Onodera,2009 : 38. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Kosterin,2019 : 89. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Kosterin,2019b : 26. (Ratanakiri)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Kosterin,2020 : 312. (Siem Reap; Stung Treng)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Battambang; Kampong Chhnang; Kandal; Koh Kong; Kep; Mondulkiri; Oddar Meanchey; Phnom Penh; Preah Sihanouk; Pursat; Preah Vihear; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng; Takeo)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio demoleus f.temp. annamiticus ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 171-172. (Annam: Phuc-Son)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Godfrey,1919 : 464. (S: Daban)
Papilio demoleus ab. annamiticus ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 11. (Annam)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Metaye,1957 : 81 (C / S) (in part)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Metaye,1957 : 81. (C)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ab.♂ demoleinus ; Metaye,1957 : 81 (C / S) (in part)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ab. annamiticus ; Metaye,1957 : 81. (C)
Papilio demoleus ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 13, figs.3:13♀,14♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Shinkai,1999 : 51-52. (Tam Dao / Bao Lac)
Papilio demoleus ; Vu,2003 : 56. (Phu Quoc)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Luong et al.,2004 : 1, 23, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 7, fig.pa-10,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Papilio demoleus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 47-48, pl.11, figs.1b♂,1c♂. (C / S)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Nihira,2009 : 98. (Phu Quoc)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 20, fig.Pa-10,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Madagui; Phan Thiet)
Papilio demoleus demoleus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 12. (C / S)
Papilio demoleus malayanus ; Saito et al.,2017 : 77. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Coto)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 6♂ 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

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Dec

Chiang Mai : 8♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

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Oct

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Phrae : 1♂ (photo).

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Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Oct

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Nan : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

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Jul

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Sep

Oct

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Dec

Phetchabun : 1♂ 1♀ (photo).

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Trat : 1♀.

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Mar

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Jul

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Ranong : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

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Yala : 2♂ 1♀ (photo by S.Atdhabhan).

Jan

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May

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Dec

[ LAOS ]
Houaphan ; 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai ; 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

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Oct

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Khammouan : 3♂.

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Champasak : 2♂.

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The butterfly is very common in secondary forests and gardens in urban areas at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 10 - 1000m). Both sexes visit flowers. Males form flight paths along streams or forest edges, and frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
Some examples in northern Indochina seem slightly closer to ssp.demoleus. Further taxonomic study is needed.

Wallace, A.R.,1865 :
On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidae of the Malayan Region.
Trans. linn. Soc. Lond. 25(1):1-71, pls.1-8.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1902 : Neue und seltene Lepidopteren aus Annam und Tonkin und dem malayischen Archipel.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 14(2):265-276, pl.5.

Boullet, E. & Le Cerf, F.,1912 : Descriptions sommarires de formes nouvelles de Papilionidae (Lep). de la collection du Muséum de Paris (2e note).
Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 1912(11):246-247.

Tung, V.W.Y.,1982 : Notes on variant forms of Malaysian Butterflies
Tokurana (Acta Rhopalocera) 4:57-64, 3 pls.

♂, Phetchabun, Thailand.	♀, Phetchabun, Thailand.
♂, Phrae, Thailand.
♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)	♀, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)

1996.10.02 - 2024.07.31.