♂, Kanchanaburi, Thailand.		♀, Tak, Thailand.
♂, Kanchanaburi, Thailand.		♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♀, Sekong, Laos.

ON : Papilio timoleon Stoll, 1790 OD : in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen Aanh.: 146, pl.32, figs.4, 4D. TL : "China". Distribution : India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S.China. ● ssp.timoleon ● ssp.wickii

Hesperia maecenas Fabricius, 1793 : Ent. syst. 3(1): 271. TL. "China".
Thecla nila Kollar, 1844 : In: Hügel, Kaschmir. 4(2)[1]: 413, pl.4, figs.5, 6. TL. "Himaleya Massuri" [Mussoorie, NW.India].

[ THAILAND ]
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Pinratana,1981 : 109, pl.19, figs.9,♂,10,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Bangkok; Mae Hong Son; Nakhon Nayok; Phrae; Ubon Ratchathani)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 658, pl.300, figs.L304,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Sam Phran)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 696, pl.318, figs.L328,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Sam Phran)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 92, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Wiang Pa Pao; Phu Kradung; Nakohn Nayok; Kao Soi Dao; Phra Chorp Kirikan)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs, Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Phayao; Kamphaeng Phet; Sa Kaeo; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2024.06.08)

[ LAOS ]
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 74, pl.106, figs.A1,♂[♀].A2,♂[♀](Un). (Vang Vieng)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 217, pl.121, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀. (Xam Neua; Saravan)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 54.
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Onodera,2022 : 90, pl.222, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khammouan: Thakhek; Oudomxai)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Iraota timoleon ; Onodera,2008 : 58. (Mondolkiri: Bousra)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 130. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 123. (Mondulkiri; Pursat)

[ VIETNAM ]
Iraota timoleon ; Joannis,1901 : 326. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Iraota timoleon maecenas ; Inoué & Kawazoé,1965 : 388, fig.54(♀genitalia), pl.19, figs.147,♀,148,♀(Un). (Dong Nai: Dinh Quan; Lam Dong: Col de Blao)
Iraota timoleon maecenas ; Luong et al.,2004 : 11, 80, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006d : 64, fig.L-105,♀. (Lam Dong: Bao Loc)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 25, fig.L-105,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Iraota timoleon maecenas ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 63. (N / C)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 63. (S)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.

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Chiang Mai : 10♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

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Lampang : 1♀ (photo).

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Tak : 1♀.

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Kanchanaburi : 5♂ (incl. photo).

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Chanthaburi : 1♂ 1♀.

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[ LAOS ]
Sekong : 1♀.

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The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 350 - 1200m). Males are territorial on canopies at hilltops and are often found sympatrically with Iraota rochana.

Stoll, C.,1790 : Aanhangsel van het Werk, de uitlandsche Kapellen, voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America, door den Heere Pieter Cramer, vervattende naauwkeurige afbeeldingen van surinaamsche rupsen en poppen; als mede van veele zeldzaame en nieuwe ontdekte uitlandsche dag-en nagt-kapellen.
(4): 121-146, pls.25-32 (1790), Amsteldam, Nic. Th. Gravius.

Fabricius, J.C.,1793 : Entomologia systematica emedata et aucta. secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus.
3(1): [iv] + 488 pp. Copenhagen. C.G.Proft.

Kollar, V.,1844 : In: Kollar, V. & L. Redtenbacher, Aufzählung und Beschreibung der von Freiherrn Carl v. Hügel auf seiner Reise durch Kaschmir und das Himaleyagebirge gesammelten Insecten.
In: Hügel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek.
Stuttgart, Hallbergerische Verlagshandlung 4(2)[1]: [393]-564, [582]-[586], 28 pls.

♂ (territorial behavior), Kanchanaburi, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Kanchanaburi, Thailand.	♂ (territorial behavior), Kanchanaburi, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Lampang, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1999.07.18 - 2025.02.28.