♂, Kanchanaburi, Thailand.		♀, Tak, Thailand.
♂, Kanchanaburi, Thailand.		♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♀, Sekong, Laos.

ON : Papilio timoleon Stoll, 1790 OD : in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen Aanh. :146, pl.32, figs.4, 4D. TL : "China". Distribution : India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S.China. ● ssp.timoleon ● ssp.wickii

Hesperia maecenas Fabricius, 1793 : Ent. syst. 3(1):271. TL. "China".
Thecla nila Kollar, 1844 : in Hügel, Kaschmir. 4(2):413, pl.4, figs.5, 6. TL. "Himaleya Massuri" [Mussoorie, NW.India].

[ THAILAND ]
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Pinratana,1981 : 109, pl.19, figs.9,♂,10,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Bangkok; Mae Hong Son; Nakhon Nayok; Phrae; Ubon Ratchathani)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 658, pl.300, figs.L304,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Sam Phran)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 696, pl.318, figs.L328,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Sam Phran)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 92, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Wiang Pa Pao; Phu Kradung; Nakohn Nayok; Kao Soi Dao; Phra Chorp Kirikan)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs, Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Phayao; Kamphaeng Phet; Sa Kaeo; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2024.06.08)

[ LAOS ]
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 74, pl.106, figs.A1,♂[♀].A2,♂[♀](Un). (Vang Vieng)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 217, pl.121, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀. (Xam Neua; Saravan)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 54.
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Onodera,2022 : 90, pl.222, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khammouan: Thakhek; Oudomxai)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Iraota timoleon ; Onodera,2008 : 58. (Mondolkiri: Bousra)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 130. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 123. (Mondulkiri; Pursat)

[ VIETNAM ]
Iraota timoleon ; Joannis,1901 : 326. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Iraota timoleon maecenas ; Inoué & Kawazoé,1965 : 388, pl.19, figs.147,♀,148,♀(Un). (Dong Nai: Dinh Quan; Lam Dong: Col de Blao)
Iraota timoleon maecenas ; Luong et al.,2004 : 11, 80, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006d : 64, fig.L-105,♀. (Lam Dong: Bao Loc)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 25, fig.L-105,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Iraota timoleon maecenas ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 63. (N / C)
Iraota timoleon timoleon ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 63. (S)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.

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Chiang Mai : 10♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

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Lampang : 1♀ (photo).

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Tak : 1♀.

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Kanchanaburi : 5♂ (incl. photo).

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Chanthaburi : 1♂ 1♀.

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[ LAOS ]
Sekong : 1♀.

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The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 350 - 1200m). Males are territorial on canopies at hilltops and are often found sympatrically with Iraota rochana.

Stoll, C.,[?1786]-1787-1791 : Aanhangsel van het Werk, de uitlandsche Kapellen, voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America, door den Heere Pieter Cramer, vervattende naauwkeurige afbeeldingen van surinaamsche rupsen en poppen;
als mede van veele zeldzaame en nieuwe ontdekte uitlandsche dag-en nagt-kapellen. Amsteldam, Nic. Th. Gravius.
(1):i-viii, 1-42, pls.1-8 ([?1786]-1787) ; (2):43-78, pls.9-16 (1790) ; (3):79-120, pls.17-24 (1790) ; (4):121-146, pls.25-32 (1790) ; (5):147-"384" [=184], pls.33-42 (1790) ; title-page (1791)

Fabricius, J.C.,1793 : Entomologia systematica emedata et aucta. secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus.
3(1): [iv] + 488 pp. Copenhagen. C.G.Proft.

Kollar, V.,1844 : Aufzählung und Beschreibung der von Frciherrn Carl v. Hügel auf seiner Reise durch Kaschmir und das Himaleyagebirge gesammelten Insecten.
in Hügel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek.
Stuttgart, Hallbergerische Verlagshandlung 4(2):393-564, 582-585, 26 pls.

♂ (territorial behavior), Kanchanaburi, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Kanchanaburi, Thailand.	♂ (territorial behavior), Kanchanaburi, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Lampang, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1999.07.18 - 2024.06.30.