Miletus mallus
(Fruhstorfer, 1913)
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♂, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
♀, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
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♂ (dsf), Sekong, Laos. |
♀ (dsf), Sekong, Laos. |
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♂, Sekong, Laos. |
♂, Oudomxai, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera) |
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♂, Xieng Khouang, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera) |
♀, Xieng Khouang, Laos. (photo by H.Onodera) |
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♂ genitalia, Sekong, Laos. |
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♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ (dsf), Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
♂ (dsf), Phetchabun, Thailand. |
ON :
Gerydus croton mallus Fruhstorfer, 1913
OD : Z. wiss. InsektBiol. 9(10):310.
TL : "Süd-Annam" [C.Vietnam]. (NHML)
Distribution : Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S.Yunnan.
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Synonyms
'Gerydus gethusus Fruhstorfer, 1915 : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9:816. TL. Chiem Hoa, "Tonkin" [N.Vietnam]. (NHML)'
Miletus bannanus Huang & Xue, 2004 : Neue ent. Nachr. 57:155, pl.12a, figs.1(HT,♂),2(HT,♂Un). TL. 20km W of Meng-la, Xi-shuang-ban-na, S.Yunnan, China. (EMIZ)
Type Material Information
bannanus ;
Holotype ♂, 20.Jul.2003. 20km west of Meng-la, Xi-shuang-ban-na, S.Yunnan, China. H.Huang (EMIZ)
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Miletus croton corus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : pl.243, figs.L23b♂,♂(Un). ('Koh Tarutao; Khao Chong' [loc.err.]) (in part)
Miletus croton corus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : pl.249, figs.L47b♂,♂(Un). ('Koh Tarutao; Khao Chong' [loc.err.]) (in part)
Miletus mallus shania ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 35, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Kradung; Phu Khiewo) (in part)
[ LAOS ]
Miletus mallus mallus ; Onodera,2022 : 71, pl.203, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Xiengkhouang: Nachan)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Miletus mallus mallus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 130. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Miletus mallus mallus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 120. (Koh Kong; Pursat)
[ VIETNAM ]
Gerydus croton mallus ; Seitz,1915-1927 : 816. (S.Annam: Plateau of Dran)
Gerydus croton mallus ; Metaye,1957 : 88. (N / C)
Gerydus gethusus ; Metaye,1957 : 88. (N)
'Miletus chinensis learchus ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.1:11,♂,12,♀,13,♀(Un),6:4(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)'
'Miletus mallus mallus ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.1:14,♀,15,♀(Un),16,♂,6:5(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)'
'Miletus mallus mallus ; Luong et al.,2004 : 9, 74, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)'
Miletus mallus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 42. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Phong Dien)
Miletus mallus mallus ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006d : 49, figs.L-6,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Miletus mallus mallus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 47. (N / C / S)
Miletus mallus mallus ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 42. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 10♂ 3♀ (1♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 2♂ (1♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Oudomxai : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Luang Phabang : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Xieng Khouang : 2♂ 2♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Bolikhamxai : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Sekong : 2♂ 2♀ (1♂ genitalia dissected).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Gia Lai : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lam Dong : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The taxa mallus and shania differ in male genitalia, the markings on the UpF, and in size.
Therefore, I consider them to be two distinct species.
Furthermore, Miletus bannanus seems to be the same species as mallus in terms of genitalia and markings characteristics.
I tentatively treat the name shania as a species, but the taxon gethusus may not belong to mallus.
If this taxon is conspecific with shania, the specific name would be changed.
Further taxonomic study is needed.
The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at moderate elevations (Alt. 550 - 1000m).
In 2021, it was found in a place and confirmed that both mallus and shania occur sympatrically in Chiang Mai, N. Thailand.
This species is found confined to broadleaf bamboo bushes in the forest, whereas Miletus shania prefers hilltops and forest edges.
Males are territorial on shrubs or undergrowth in forests from 12:30 until sunset.
The male specimen shown in Ek-Amnuay ([2007],2012) as Miletus croton corus seems to be mallus and locality 'Koh Tarutao ; Khao Chong' is incorrect.
Hitherto neither croton nor mallus has been recorded from peninsular Thailand.
Literature
Fruhstorfer, H.,1913 : Uebersicht der Gerydinae und Diagnosen neuer oder verkannter Formen (Lep., Lyc.).
Z. wiss. InsektBiol. 9(10):307-310. (15.Oct.1913)
Fruhstorfer, H.,1915 : 8. Familie: Lycaenidae, 2. Subfamilie: Gerydinae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9.
809-823, pls. 141-142. (4.Aug.1915)
Eliot, J.N.,1961 : An analysis of the Genus Miletus (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).
Bull. Raffles Mus. 26:154-177, 24 figs.
Eliot, J.N.,1986 : A review of the Miletini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).
Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 53(1):1-105, 108 figs.
Huang, H. & Xue, Y.P.,2004 : A new species of Miletus from the extreme south of Yunnan, China (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)
Neue ent. Nachr. 57:155-160.
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| ♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ (dsf), Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (ds), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
