Lexias pardalis jadeitina
(Fruhstorfer, 1913)
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Nan, Thailand. |
♀, Nan, Thailand. |
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♂, Mukdaharn, Thailand. |
♀, Mukdaharn, Thailand. |
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♂ Phrae, Thailand. |
♀ Phrae, Thailand. |
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♂ Phetchabun, Thailand. |
♀ Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by K.Yano) |
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♂ Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♀ Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
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♂ Tak, Thailand. |
♀ Oudomxay, Laos. |
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♀ Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ Da Nang, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito) |
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♀(ab,), Phrae, Thailand. |
♀(ab.), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
ON :
Adolias dirtea jadeitina Fruhstorfer, 1913
OD : in Seitz, Grossschmett Erde 9:687, figs.127b,♂,♀(as dirtea).
TL : ' "Tenasserim, Unter-Birma" [Tanintharyi, S.Myanmar]; Muok-lek, "Mittel-Siam" [Saraburi, Thailand]'.
Distribution : N.India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, C. & S.Vietnam, S.Yunnan.
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● ssp.jadeitina |
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● ssp.eleanor |
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● ssp.dirteana |
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Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Euthalia dirtea jadeitina ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 687. (Muok Lek)
Euthalia dirtea jadeitina ; Godfrey,1916 : 132. (Chonburi: Sriracha; Prae: Me Song forest)
Adolias dirtea jadeitina ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Adolias dirtea jadeitina ; Godfrey,1930 : 296. (Prae: Me Song forest; Muak Lek; Chonburi: Sriracha; Chiang Mai; W: Eka Klo)
Euthalia pardalis jadeitina ; Pinratana,1979 : 85, figs.N148a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Lampang; Loei; Nakhon Nayok)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 83, pl.59, figs.159a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Nong Khai; Lampang; Loei; Tak; Nakhon Ratchasima; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi)
Lexias pardalis ssp. ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 256, figs.110,♂,111,♀. (Mukdahan: Phu Pha Phung; Phu Mu; Phu Pha Thaep; Ubon Ratchathani: Kaeng Tana)
Lexias pardalis ssp. ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 29,31. (Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang; Phu Chong Na Yoi; Kaeng Tana; Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Kaeng E-Keow; Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Nam Tok Tad Ton; Nam Tok Kham Cha I; Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum)
Lexias pardalis ssp. ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 52. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Hin Khan; Phu Huai Sing; Nam Tok Tad Ton; Ubon Ratchathani: Waring Chamrap; Kaen Tana; Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Phu Pung; Phu Chong Na Yoi)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 70, fig.173,♂. (Umphang)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 50, fig.122,♀. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 458, pl.203, figs.N168a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 470, pl.208, figs.N334a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Loei; Sa Kaeo) (accessed: 2023.05.01)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 115, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Ban Salok; Doi Pa Chang; Bung Kahn; Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Mae Sohd; Thung Yai; Sai York Noi)
[ LAOS ]
Euthalia dirtea f. eleanor ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 44. (Laos)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 61, col.pl.13,♂ ; pl.72, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un),3,♀,4,♀(Un). (Luang Prabang; Vang Vieng; Vientiane; Tha Ngone; Pakse)
'Lexias dirtea bontouxi ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 208, pl.69, fig.♀. (Luang Phrabang) (in part)'
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 208, pl.69, figs.♂,♂,♀,♀. (Oudomxay; Nong Het; Thakhek; Luang Phrabang)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 43. (Namdhua; Thabeng; Thakhek; Laksao)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 46.
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Onodera,2022 : 46, pl.135, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Phon Si)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Lexias pardalis ; Onodera,2009 : 41. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Kosterin,2019b : 32. (Ratanakiri; Mondulkiri)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Kosterin,2020 : 328. (Pursat; Siem Reap; Preah Vihear; Stung Treng)
Lexias pardalis jadeitina ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 118. (Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Pursat; Preah Vihear; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)
[ VIETNAM ]
Euthalia dirtea eleanor ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 687. (C.Annam) (in part)
Euthalia dirtea jadeitina ; Godfrey,1919 : 468. (S: Sui Kat)
Euthalia dirtea eleanor ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (C) (in part)
Euthalia dirtea eleanor ; Metaye,1958b : 176. (Dong Nai: Ben Nom)
Lexias pardalis ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 42. (Thua Thien Hue: A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Bach Ma)
Lexias pardalis eleanor ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 32, figs.N-99,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Lexias pardalis eleanor ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 41. (C / S) (in part)
Lexias pardalis eleanor ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):149. (C: Loc Bac; A Luoi; Bach Ma; Son Thanh; Ba To; Ngoc Linh; Nha Trang; Ba Ho; Cat Loc; Bao Lam / S: Lo Go Xa Mat; La Nga) (in part)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 3♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai : 10♂ 10♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phrae : 4♂ 3♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phayao : 2♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nan : 10♂ 10♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Mukdaharn : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Kanchanaburi : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 3♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Saraburi : 1♀ (photo by T.Aoyama).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chanthaburi : 3♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Oudomxay : 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Da Nang : 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lam Dong : 4♂ 3♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is very common in secondary and montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 200 - 1300m) and frequently comes to rotten fruits that have fallen to the ground.
Occasionally, males are territorial on trees at hilltop.
This subspecies has high individual and seasonal variation.
Females of the populations from central and eastern Thailand to C. Laos and C. & S. Vietnam tend to have larger yellow spots in base of space 5, 6 on the UpF.
However, this tendency is highly variable, and similar individuals are occasionally found in other areas.
Generally, Lexias pardalis and Lexias dirtea can be distinguished by the coloration of the tips of antennae.
While dirtea is all black, pardalis is yellow or dark orange from the tip to about the fifth segment.
However, in the mixed habitats of both species, especially in continental areas, individuals with a very dark orange-black tip are often observed,
and the discolored area cannot be seen unless light is shone on them from a different angle.
Many of these are thought to be a variation of pardalis, but the presence of dirtea has also been confirmed.
Whether these are variations of pardalis, dirtea, or hybrids are uncertain and requires molecular analysis.
Literature
Fruhstorfer, H.,1913 : 6. Familie: Nymphalidae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
681-688. (25.Jan.1913)
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| ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂ (territorial behavior), Phetchabun, Thailand. |
♀ (laying egg), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♀+♂(mating), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀ with ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Saraburi, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama) |
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| 3♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ with Lexias albopunctata, Nan, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
