♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♀, Kanchanaburi, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.
♀, An Chau, Vietnam.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

ON : Adolias kesava Moore, 1859 OD : Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2)5(2/3):67-68, pl.3, fig.5,♂,♀. TL : "Silhet, N.India" [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh]. Distribution : India (Assam) to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Yunnan. ● ssp.kesava ● ssp.monina ● ssp.varius

Adolias discipilota Moore, [1878] : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):831, pl.52, fig.2,♀. TL. Moolai, [Tanintharyi, Myanmar].
Euthalia rangoonensis Swinhoe, 1890 : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6)5:354-355. TL. "Rangoon" [Yangon, Myanmar].
Nora kesava sastra Fruhstorfer, 1906 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 19:119. TL. Phuc-Son, "Annam" [C.Vietnam].
Euthalia kesava tudela Fruhstorfer, 1913 : in Seitz, Grossschmett Erde 9:664. TL. Chiem-Hoa, "Tonkin" [N.Vietnam].
Euthalia kesava maymyoensis Tytler, 1940 : J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 42:112-113. TL. Maymyo, N.Shan States, [Myanmar].
Euthalia monina remias Corbet, 1945 : Entomologist 78:178. TL. "Pak Djong, E.Siam" [Pak Chong, Thailand].

[ THAILAND ]
Euthalia kesava discipilota ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 664. (Siam)
Euthalia kesaba discipilota ; Godfrey,1916 : 130. (Chonburi: Dong Rek hills ; Sriracha)
Euthalia kesaba discipilota ; Godfrey,1930 : 292. (Muak Lek; Chonburi: Sriracha; Chiang Mai; W: Klong Suan Mak)
Euthalia kesaba discipilota ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 77.
Euthalia monina remias ; Corbet,1945 : 178. (Pak Djong; Muok Lek; Hoop Bon; W: Klong Suap Mak; Prae: Me Sai Song)
Euthalia monina remias ; Pinratana,1979 : 72, figs.N124a♂,♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chiayphum; Nakhon Nayok; Nakhon Ratchasima)
Euthalia monina remias ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 74, pl.49, figs.135b♂,♀. (Nakhon Ratchasima; Chonburi; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi)
Euthalia monina discipilota ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 74, not fig. (Chiang Mai)
Euthalia monina remias ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 255, fig.106,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu; Phu Pha Thaep; Ban Naudom)
Euthalia monina remias ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 29. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Ban Na Lak; Phu Mu; Ban Gok Tum)
Euthalia monina remias ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 51. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram)
Euthalia monina remias ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 70, fig.168,♂. (Umphang)
Euthalia monina remias ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 50, fig.120,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Euthalia monina remias ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 432, pl.189, figs.N140b♀,♀(Un) ; pl.190, fig.N140b,♂,♂,♂(Un). (Kanchanaburi)
Euthalia monina discispilota ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 432, pl.190, figs.N140c♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 432, pl.190, figs.N140d♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Nan: Doi Phu Kha)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 442, pl.193, figs.N306b♂,♂,♂(Un) ; pl.194, figs.N306b♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Kanchanaburi; Chiang Mai; Doi Phu Kha)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Euthalia monina kesava ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Kanchanaburi; Sa Kaeo; Saraburi) (accessed: 2024.05.13)
Euthalia monina remias ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 102-103, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un)♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Par Hom Pok; Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Phu Khiewo; Kao Yai; Sarika; Nakohn Nayok; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kratching WF; Kao Khiewo; Sai York Noi; Erawan WF; Hoi Yahn WF; Kaeng Krachang)

[ LAOS ]
Euthalia kesava f. tudela ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 43. (Muong-You)
Euthalia monina remias ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 60, pl.66, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un) ; pl.67, figs.1,♀,2,♀(Un). (Tha Ngone)
Euthalia aconthea garuda ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 60, pl.67, figs.5,♀,6,♀(Un). (in part)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 207, pl.63, figs.♂,♂,♂,♂,♀,♀,♀,♀. (Lak Sao; Xaignabouri; Vang Vieng; Phong Saly; Vientiane; Nhahin)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 43. (Namdhua; Thabeng; Thakhek)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 46.
Euthalia monina kesava ; Onodera,2022 : 43, pl.124, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Savannakhet; Bolikhamxai: Thabok)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Euthalia kesava sastra ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 664. (Cambodja)
Euthalia kesava f. sastra ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 43. (Cambodge)
Euthalia monina remias ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs.♀,♂. (Botum Sakor NP.)
Euthalia monina ; Onodera,2007 : 28, figs.67,♂,68,♀. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kuhlen)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Kosterin,2019 : 97. (Koh Kong)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Kosterin,2020 : 327. (Siem Reap)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 118. (Kep; Koh Kong; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Euthalia kesava sastra ; Fruhstorfer,1913 : 664. (S.Annam)
Euthalia sastra ; Vitalis,1919 : 231. (Annam)
Euthalia kesava f. sastra ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 43. (S.Annam)
Euthalia kesava f. tudela ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 43. (Tonkin: Chiem-Hoa)
Euthalia kesava tudela ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (N)
Euthalia kesava sastra ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (C)
Euthalia monina remias ; Ikeda et al.,2000 : 36, figs.6:18,♂,19,♂(Un),20,♀, fig.9:37(♂,genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Euthalia monina ; Luong et al.,2004 : 7, 67, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Euthalia monina ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Euthalia monina sastra ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 26, figs.N-86,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 39. (N / C)
Euthalia monina remias ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 39. (S)
Euthalia monina kesava ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):111-113, pl.61, figs.3a♂,3b♂,3c♂(Un),3d♂,3e♂,3f♂(Un), pl.62,a♀,b♀,c♀,d♀,e♀,f♀. (N: Muong Nhe; Ba Be; Na Hang; Cat Ba; Tam Dao; Cuc Phuong; Pu Luong / C: Ben En; Pu Hoat; Pu Mat; Huong Son; Vu Quang; Phong Nha Ke Bang; Phong Dien; Dakrong; Huong Thuy; A Luoi; Bach Ma; Ngoc Linh; Krong Trai; Da Teh; Loc Bao; Cat Loc / S: Nam Cat Tien; Lo Go Sa Mat; Tan Phu; La Nga; Nghia Trung; Bao Lam; Binh Chau)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 10♂ 8♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 6♂ 8♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Uttaradit : 1♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Kanchanaburi : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 1♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chaiyaphum : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 1♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chonburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 4♂ 4♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Champasak : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
An Chau : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lam Dong : 14♂ 12♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is common in montane forest at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 50 - 1600m) and males are territorial on shrubs.
Both sexes are polymorphic. The species is highly variable, with individual and seasonal variation seeming to be more pronounced than geographical variation in the continental region. Various forms occur sympatrically in the same locality. Thus I treat them all as ssp.kesava.

Moore, F.,1859 : A Monograph of the Genus Adolias, a Genus of Diurnal Lepidopotera belonging to the Family Nymphalida.
Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (2)5(2/3):62-87, pls.3-9.

Moore, F.,1879 : A list of the lepidopterous insects collected by Mr.Ossian Limborg in upper Tenasserim, with descriptions of new species.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(4):821-858, pls. 51-53.

Swinhoe, C.,1890 : New Species of Indian Butterflies.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6)5:353-365.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1906 : Uebersicht der Euthaliiden aus der Section Nora.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 19(3):109-120. (15.Nov.1906)

Fruhstorfer, H.,1913 : 6. Familie: Nymphalidae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
657-664. (12.Jan.1913)

Tytler, H.,1940 : Notes on Some New and Interesting Butterflies chiefly from Burma. Part.2.
J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 42:109-123.

Corbet, A.S.,1945 : The Species of the Aconthea Group of the Genus Euthalia HBN. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
Entomologist 78:177-183, 9 figs.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.	♀, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Uttaradit, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.	♀, Phetchabun, Thailand.

2007.02.10 - 2024.05.31.