Limenitis asura asura

Limenitis asura asura (Moore,[1858])


♂, Tak, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Tak, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Dalat, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)

♂, Sekong, Laos.		♀, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.

ON : Athyma asura Moore,[1858]
OD : in Horsfield & Moore,
Cat. Lep. Ins. Mus. East India Co. (1):171, pl.5a, fig.1.
TL : N.India.

Distribution : India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Pantoporia asura ; Godfrey,1932b : 324-325. (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep)
"Pantoporia idita ; Godfrey,1932b : 325. (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep)"
Athyma asura asura ; Pinratana,1979 : 55, figs.N96a,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai / Nakhon Ratchasima)
Athyma asura asura ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 58, pl.36, figs.100a,♂,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai / Chaiyaphum / Nakhon Ratchasima)
Athyma asura asura ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 402, pl.175, figs.N104a,♂,♀. (Umphang)
Athyma asura asura ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 412, pl.179, figs.N269a,♂,♀. (Umphang / Doi Phu Kha)
Athyma asura asura ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai / Nakhon Nayok) (accessed: 2020.09.24)
Athyma asura asura ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 86, ♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok / Chiang Dao / Doi Suthep / Doi Inthanon / Phu Khiewo)

[ LAOS ]
Athyma asura asura ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 58, not fig. (list only)
Athyma asura asura ; Masui & Uehara,1994 : 5, figs.23♀,♀(Un). (Xiang Khouang)
Athyma asura asura ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 206, pl.59, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Oudomxay / Lak Sao)
Athyma asura asura ; Onodera,2009b : 39,41. (Bolikhamxai: Thabok / Khammouan: Nacay)
Athyma asura asura ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 45.

[ VIETNAM ]
Pantoporia asura asura ; Fruhstorfer,1912 : 626. (Annam)
Pantoporia asura ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1919 : 230. (Tonkin)
Pantoporia asura f.asura ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1924 : 40. (Annam)
Pantoporia asura asura ; Metaye,1957 : 96. (C)
Athyma asura asura ; Hao et al.,2004 : 7, 64, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Athyma asura ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: A Luoi)
Athyma asura asura ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 22, figs.N-65,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri ; Dai Duc Me)
Athyma asura asura ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 35. (N / C / S)
Athyma asura asura ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 2:22-23, pl.35, figs.2a,♂,2b,♂(Un),2c,♀. (N: Hoang Lien ; Van Ban ; Na Hang ; Ba Be ; Huu Lien ; Tam Dao ; Cuc Phuong / C: Pu Mat ; Vu Quang ; Dakrong ; A Luoi ; Ngoc Linh ; Chu Yang Sin ; Hon Ba ; Bao Lao ; Loc Bao / S: La Nga ; Nghia Trung)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 9♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Chiang Mai : 14♂ 4♀ (incl.photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Lampang : 4♂ (photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nan : 3♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Tak : 8♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Kanchanaburi : 1♂ (photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

[ LAOS ]
Phong Saly : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sekong : 2♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lao Cai : 2♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Vinh Phuc : 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Lam Dong : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes
The butterfly is locally common in montane forest at low to high elevations (alt.400m - 1700m).
The populations of Laos and N.Vietnam tend to have a narrower band. However, the individuals Thailand, Laos and Vietnam seem to be more seasonal and individual variation than geographical variation. Further study is needed.

Literature

Horsfield, T. & F. Moore,[1858] : A catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Vol.1.
London. East India Co.

Wu, L.W., H.Chiba, D.C.Lees, Y.Ohsima, M.L.Jeng.,2019 :
Unravelling relationships among the shared stripes of sailors: Mitogenomic phylogeny of Limenitidini butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae), focusing on the genera Athyma and Limenitis
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 130(2019):60-66.


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂+♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.

♂, Lampang, Thailand.	♂, Lampang, Thailand.

2006.02.20 - 2021.01.31.