♂, Tak, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Tak, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Dalat, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)
♂, Sekong, Laos.		♀, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.

ON : Athyma asura Moore, [1858] OD : in: Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. East-India Co. 1:171, pl.5a, fig.1. TL : N.India. Distribution : India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam. ● ssp.asura ● ssp.idita

[ THAILAND ]
Pantoporia asura ; Godfrey,1932b : 324-325. (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep)
'Pantoporia idita ; Godfrey,1932b : 325. (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep)'
Athyma asura asura ; Pinratana,1979 : 55, figs.N96a♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Ratchasima)
Athyma asura asura ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 58, pl.36, figs.100a♂,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Ratchasima)
Athyma asura asura ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 402, pl.175, figs.N104a♂,♀. (Umphang)
Athyma asura asura ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 412, pl.179, figs.N269a♂,♀. (Umphang; Doi Phu Kha)
Athyma asura asura ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 86, ♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon; Phu Khiewo)
Limenitis asura asura ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2023- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Nayok) (accessed: 2023.09.22)

[ LAOS ]
Athyma asura asura ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 58, not fig. (list only)
Athyma asura asura ; Masui & Uehara,1994 : 5, figs.23,♀,♀(Un). (Xiang Khouang)
Athyma asura asura ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 206, pl.59, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Oudomxay; Lak Sao)
Athyma asura asura ; Onodera,2009b : 39,41. (Bolikhamxai: Thabok; Khammouan: Nacay)
Athyma asura asura ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 45.
Athyma asura asura ; Onodera,2022 : 39, pl.116, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Oudomxai; Xiengkhouang: Phon Kham)

[ VIETNAM ]
Pantoporia asura asura ; Fruhstorfer,1912 : 626. (Annam)
Pantoporia asura ; Vitalis,1919 : 230. (Tonkin)
Pantoporia asura f. asura ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 40. (Annam)
Pantoporia asura asura ; Metaye,1957 : 96. (C)
Athyma asura asura ; Luong et al.,2004 : 7, 64, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Athyma asura ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: A Luoi)
Athyma asura asura ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 22, figs.N-65,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me)
Athyma asura asura ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 35. (N / C / S)
Athyma asura asura ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):22-23, pl.35, figs.2a♂,2b♂(Un),2c♀. (N: Hoang Lien; Van Ban; Na Hang; Ba Be; Huu Lien; Tam Dao; Cuc Phuong / C: Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Dakrong; A Luoi; Ngoc Linh; Chu Yang Sin; Hon Ba; Bao Lao; Loc Bao / S: La Nga; Nghia Trung)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 9♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 14♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 4♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 3♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 8♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Kanchanaburi : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Phong Saly : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sekong : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lao Cai : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Vinh Phuc : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lam Dong : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

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Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 400 - 1700m).
Godfrey (1932b) recorded ssp.idita from Chiang Mai, N. Thailand, but this is most likely the rainy season form of this taxon.
The populations from Laos and N. Vietnam tend to have a narrower band. However, the individuals from Thailand, Laos and Vietnam seem to be more seasonal and individual variation than geographical variation. Further study is needed.

Moore, F.,[1858] : in: Horsfield & Moore, A catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company. Vol.1.
London, W.H. Allen and Co. v + 278 pp., 12 pls.

Wu, L.W., Chiba, H., Lees, D.C., Ohsima, Y. & Jeng, M.L.,2019 : Unravelling relationships among the shared stripes of sailors:
Mitogenomic phylogeny of Limenitidini butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae,Limenitidinae), focusing on the genera Athyma and Limenitis
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 130(2019):60-66.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂+♀ (mating), Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂, Lampang, Thailand.	♂ (territorial behavior), Lampang, Thailand.

2006.02.20 - 2023.09.30.