Limenitis dudu secius

Limenitis dudu secius (Tsukada,1991)


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.

♂, Loei, Thailand.		♀, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.

♂, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.		♀, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.

♂, Nan, Thailand.		♂, Gia Lai, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)

♂, Houaphan, Loas. (photo by K.Saito)		♂, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)

ON : Sumalia dudu secius Tsukada,1991
OD : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. 5:297,543,
pl.18, figs.4,(PT,♂Un),7(HT,♂).
TL : Tamdao, N.Vietnam. (in coll. E.Tsukada)

Distribution : Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, S.China.

Synonym

Sumalia dudu pilosus Tsukada,1991 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. 5:297,543, pl.18, figs.1(HT,♂),2(PT,♂Un),3(PT,♀). TL. Chieng Dao [Chiang Dao], N.Thailand. (in coll. E.Tsukada)

Type Materials Information

secius : Holotype ♂, Tamdao, 1,300m, N.Vietnam. 1990.Apr.11. (in coll. E.Tsukada)
Paratypes ; same locality as the holotype : 2♂, 1990.Apr.11 ; 1♂, 1990.Jul.22.
philosus : Holotype ♂, Chieng Dao [Chiang Dao], N.Thailand. 1980.Feb. (in coll. E.Tsukada)
Paratypes ; all paratypes from N.Thailand.
Chieng Dao [Chiang Dao] : 2♂, 1978.Apr.6 ; 1♂, 1979.Feb ; 1♂, 1982.Sept ; Phu Khies [Phu Khieo] : 4♂, 1984.Oct ; 1♀, 1985.Oct ;
Nan : 1♂, 1988.Apr ; Fang : 1♂, 1988.Feb.8 ; Vieng Pa Pao [Wiang Pa Pao] : 1♂, 1989.Feb.21 ; 2♂, 1989.Feb.23 ; 1♂, 1990.Mar.13.

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Limenitis dudu ; Godfrey,1932b : 325. (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep)
Sumalia dudu dudu ; Pinratana,1979 : 62, figs.N110,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai / Kao Yai)
Sumalia dudu pilosus ; Tsukada,1991 :297,543, pl.18, figs.1(HT,♂),2(PT,♂Un),3(PT,♀). (Chieng Dao [Chiang Dao] / Phu Khies [Phu Khieo] ; Nan ; Fang ; Vieng Pa Pao [Wiang Pa Pao])
Limenitis dudu dudu ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 63, pl.41, fig.115,♂. (Chiang Mai / Phisanulok / Nakhon Nayok)
Parasarpa dudu dudu ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 412, pl.180, figs.N120,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Parasarpa dudu dudu ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 422, pl.184, figs.N286,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Doi Pha Hom Pok / Doi Phu Kha)
Parasarpa dudu philosus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Chiang Mai / Kamphaeng Phet / Phetcahabun / Nakhon Nayok) (accessed: 2020.09.24)
Parasarpa dudu dudu ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 93, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok / Doi Phui / Doi Suthep / Doi Inthanon / Wang Chin / Thung Saleng Luang)

[ LAOS ]
Sumalia dudu dudu ; Masui & Uehara,1995 : 5, pl.2, fig.2,♂. (Phong Sali)
Parasarpa dudu dudu ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 207, pl.61, fig.♂. (Oudomxay)
Parasarpa dudu dudu ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 46, pl.4, figs.Ny-103,♀,♀(Un). (Phou Samsoum)

[ VIETNAM ]
Limenitis dudu f.dudu ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1924 : 41. (Tonkin: Chapa / Cochinchine: Gyarai)
Limenitis dudu dudu ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (N / S)
Parasarpa dudu ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: Bach Ma)
Parasarpa dudu hainensis ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 26, figs.N-75,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Parasarpa dudu dudu ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 41. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Parasarpa dudu dudu ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 36. (N / C: to Lam Dong)
Parasarpa dudu dudu ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 2:41-42, pl.40, figs.1a,♂,1b,♂(Un). (N: Hoang Lien ; Van Ban ; Dong Van ; Dong Phuc ; Lung Li ; Ba Vi ; Tam Dao / C: Bach Ma ; Son Thanh ; Bi Doup Nui Ba ; Hon Ba ; Chu Yang Sin ; Loc Bac)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 14♂ 2♀ (incl.photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nan : 15♂ 3♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Loei : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Chaiyaphum : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nakhon Nayok : 1♀ (photo by S.Sophonviwatkul).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

[ LAOS ]
Houaphan : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phuc : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Lam Dong : 3♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes
The butterfly is locally common in montane forest at moderate to high elevations (alt.900m - 1800m).
Tsukada (1991) described ssp.philosus from Thailand and ssp.secius from Vietnam. Certainly N.Thailand specimens tend to have a wider band and the Vietnamese specimens have a narrower band. However, the individuals from Thailand, Laos and Vietnam show more seasonal and individual variation than geographical variation, so it is not possible to make a clear distinction. Therefore, I consider all Indochinese populations to be secius and treated philosus as a synonym of it.

Literature

Tsukada, E.,1991 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands V, Nymphalidae (II). (in Japanese)
Azumino Butterflie's Research Institute. 576pp.(238 col. pls.)

Wu, L-W., H.Chiba, D.C.Lees, Y.Ohsima & M-L.Jeng,2019 : Unravelling relationships among the shared stripes of sailors:
Mitogenomic phylogeny of Limenitidini butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae,Limenitidinae), focusing on the genera Athyma and Limenitis
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 130(2019):60-66.


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Loei, Thailand.

♂, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♀, ♀(laying egg), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)

2007.03.10 - 2021.01.31.