♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Tak, Thailand.		♂, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)

ON : Limenitis daraxa Doubleday, [1848] OD : Gen. diurn. Lep. 2: pl.34, fig.4. TL : "Sylhet, Assam" [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh]. (NHML) Distribution : India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. ● ssp.daraxa ● ssp.ranongensis

[ THAILAND ]
Limenitis daraxa ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Godfrey,1930 : 287. (Chiang Mai)
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Pinratana,1979 : 61, figs.N109,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Ratchasima)
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 63, pl.41, fig.113,♂. (Chiang Mai)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 412, pl.180, figs.N117,♂,♂(Un),♀[♂]. (Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 422, pl.184, figs.N283,♂,♂(Un),♀[♂]. (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Phu Kha)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 92, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Phui; Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon)
Athyma daraxa daraxa ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2024- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Kamphaeng Phet; Nakhon Nayok) (accessed: 2024.05.13)

[ LAOS ]
Limenitis daraxa f. daraxa ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 41. (Xieng-Khouang: Pou-Mi)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Masui & Uehara,1997 : 6, pl.2, figs.9,♂,♂(Un). (Phong Sali)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 207, pl.61, figs.♂,♀. (Oudomxay; Thakhek)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Onodera,2009b : 37, figs.28,♂,♂(Un). (Houaphan: Phu Phan)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 46.
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Onodera,2022 : 40, pl.119, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Xiengkhouang: Phou Samsoum; Houaphan: Phou Pan)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Sumalia daraxa ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 118. (Pursat)

[ VIETNAM ]
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Fruhstorfer,1912 : 638. (Tonkin / S.Annam: Plateau of Lang Bian)
Limenitis daraxa f. daraxa ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 41. (Tonkin / Annam)
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (N / C)
Sumalia daraxa ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: Bach Ma)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 26, figs.N-74&,#9794;,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 41. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Sumalia daraxa ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 36. (N / C)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):38-39, pl.39, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un),1c♀. (N: Hoang Lien; Na Hang; Dong Phuc; Lung Li; Tam Dao / C: Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Bach Ma; Ngoc Linh; Kon Plong; Kon Ka Kinh; Bi Doup-Nui Ba ; Hon Ba; Chu Yang Sin; Loc Bac; Bao Lam)

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 26♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

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Nan : 8♂.

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Loei : 1♂ (photo).

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Tak : 4♂ (incl. photo).

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Nakhon Nayok : 2♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).

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[ LAOS ]
Sekong : 1♂.

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[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 6♂ 1♀.

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The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at moderate to high elevations (Alt. 900 - 2200m). Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.

Doubleday, E.,[1848] : The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus.
2: pls. 31-42 ([3.Nov.1848]), London, Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans.

Wu, L.W., Chiba, H., Lees, D.C., Ohsima, Y. & Jeng, M.L.,2019 : Unravelling relationships among the shared stripes of sailors:
Mitogenomic phylogeny of Limenitidini butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae,Limenitidinae), focusing on the genera Athyma and Limenitis.
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 130(2019): 60-66.

Tseng, H.Y., Chiba, H., Lohman, D.J., Yen, S.H., Aduse-Poku, K., Ohshima, Y. & Wu, L.W.,2022 :
Out of Asia: Intercontinental dispersals after the Eocene-Oligocene transition shaped the zoogeography of Limenitidinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 170(2022): 1-10.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)
♂, Tak, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2007.03.10 - 2024.05.31.