Sumalia daraxa daraxa

Sumalia daraxa daraxa (Doubleday,[1848])


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Nan, Thailand.

♂, Tak, Thailand.		♂, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)

ON : Limenitis daraxa Doubleday,[1848]
OD : Gen. diurn. Lep. (2):276, pl.34, fig.4.
TL : Sylhet, Assam. (NHML)
Distribution : India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Limenitis daraxa ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Godfrey,1930 : 287. (Chiang Mai)
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Pinratana,1979 : 61, figs.N109,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai / Nakhon Ratchasima)
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 63, pl.41, fig.113,♂. (Chiang Mai)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 412, pl.180, figs.N117,♂,♂(Un),♀[♂]. (Doi Pha Hom Pok)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 422, pl.184, figs.N283,♂,♂(Un),♀[♂]. (Doi Pha Hom Pok / Doi Phu Kha)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai / Kamphaeng Phet) (accessed: 2020.09.24)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 92, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok / Doi Phui / Doi Suthep / Doi Inthanon)

[ LAOS ]
Limenitis daraxa f.daraxa ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1924 : 41. (Xieng-Khouang, Pou-Mi)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Masui & Uehara,1997 : 6, pl.2, figs.9,♂,♂(Un). (Phong Sali)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 207, pl.61, figs.♂,♀. (Oudomxay / Thakhek)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Onodera,2009b : 37, figs.28,♂,♂(Un). (Houaphan: Phu Phan)
Sumalia daraxa ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 46.

[ VIETNAM ]
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Fruhstorfer,1912 : 638. (Tonkin / S.Annam: Plateau of Lang Bian)
Limenitis daraxa f.daraxa ; Dubois & Vitalis de Salvaza,1924 : 41. (Tonkin / Annam)
Limenitis daraxa daraxa ; Metaye,1957 : 97. (N / C)
Sumalia daraxa ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: Bach Ma)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 26, figs.N-74&,#9794;,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri ; Dai Duc Me)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 41. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Sumalia daraxa ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 36. (N / C)
Sumalia daraxa daraxa ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 2:38-39, pl.39, figs.1a,♂,1b,♂(Un),1c,♀. (N: Hoang Lien ; Na Hang ; Dong Phuc ; Lung Li ; Tam Dao / C: Pu Mat ; Vu Quang ; Bach Ma ; Ngoc Linh ; Kon Plong ; Kon Ka Kinh ; Bi Doup/Nui Ba ; Hon Ba ; Chu Yang Sin ; Loc Bac ; Bao Lam)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 26♂ 2♀ (incl.photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nan : 8♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Tak : 4♂ (incl.photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nakhon Nayok : 2♂ (photo by T.Aoyama).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

[ LAOS ]
Sekong : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 6♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes
The butterfly is common in montane forest at moderate to high elevations (alt.900m - 2200m).
Wu et al. (2019) treated this species to genus Athyma. However, it is unnatural to make only daraxa to Athyma while the related species agneya remains Sumalia (because it has not been DNA analyzed). Therefore, I treat both daraxa and agneya as genus Sumalia. Further taxonomic study is needed include the larval stage.

Literature

Doubleday, E. & W.C. Hewitson,1846-1852 : The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera,
comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus ;
illustrated with 86 plates by W.C.Hewitson.
Longon, Longman, Brown, Green and Longman's. xii + ii + 534 pp, 86 pls, In 54 parts. In 2 vols.

Wu, L-W., H.Chiba, D.C.Lees, Y.Ohsima & M-L.Jeng,2019 : Unravelling relationships among the shared stripes of sailors:
Mitogenomic phylogeny of Limenitidini butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae,Limenitidinae), focusing on the genera Athyma and Limenitis
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 130(2019):60-66.


♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)

♂, Tak, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2007.03.10 - 2021.01.31.