♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.

ON : Papilio perius Linnaeus, 1758 OD : Syst. nat. (ed.10) 1: 471. TL : 'Indiis' [Guangdong, China]. Distribution : India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, China, Taiwan, Japan (Yonaguni), Langkawi, W.Malaysia, {Singapore}, Calamian.

Papilio leucothoe Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. nat. (Edn 10) 1: 478; TL: 'Asia' [Guangdong, China].
Tacoraea perius ab. atramenta Murayama & Shimonoya, 1962; Tyô to Ga 16(3/4): 55, figs.5,♂, 8,♂(Un); Loc: "Musha, Central Formosa" [Nantou, C.Taiwan]. (IFS)
Tacoraea perius ab. insolitus Murayama & Shimonoya, 1966; Tyô to Ga 16(3/4): 60, fig.35,♂(Un); Loc: "Poli" [Puli, Nantou, Taiwan]. (IFS)

[ THAILAND ]
Pantoporia perius perius: Fruhstorfer,1912 : 626. (Siam)
Pantoporia perius: Godfrey,1916 : 129. (Chonburi: Don Rek hills)
Pantoporia perius perius: Pendlebury,1923 : 39. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Khao Luang; Tai Sai River)
Pantoporia perius perius: Godfrey,1927 : 123. (N)
Pantoporia perius perius: Godfrey,1930 : 284. (except P)
Pantoporia perius perius: Godfrey,1932a : 269. (P)
Athyma perius perius: Pinratana,1979 : 54, figs.N95,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Prachuap Kirikhan; Nakhon Nayok; Saraburi)
Athyma perius perius: Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 58, pl.36, figs.98,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Nayok; Chonburi; Chanthaburi; Saraburi; Kanchanaburi; Prachuap Kirikhan; Songkhla; Trang)
Athyma perius perius: Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 255, fig.99,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Pha Thaep; Phu Huay Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Kaeng Tana)
Athyma perius perius: Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 28. (Mukdahan: Ban Na Lak; Ban Lao Kram)
Athyma perius perius: Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 51. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Ma No Rom; Phu Hin Khan)
Athyma perius perius: Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 70, fig.159,♀. (Umphang: Tha Sai)
Athyma perius perius: RDPB & DNP,2006–2008 : Butterflies in Hala-Bala Forest, fig.[♂]. (Narathiwat: Hala Bala) (last update: 2006.12.27 ; accessed: 2024.05.11)
Athyma perius perius: Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 402, pl.175, figs.N102,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Athyma perius perius: Les Day,2011–2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2020.09.24)
Athyma perius perius: Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 412, pl.179, figs.N267,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Nan; Ranong)
Athyma perius perius: Sophonviwatkul et al.,2015– : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Nayok; Yala) (accessed: 2023.09.22)
Athyma perius perius: Kimura et al.,2016 : 85, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Suthep; Doi Pa Chang; Nakohn Nayok; Sarika; Wan Nam Khiewo; Bung Kahn; Kratchin WF; Kao Khiewo; Bang Phra; Sai York Noi; Key Rap Nam; Ka Chong; Haadjai)
Athyma perius perius: Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 55, figs.Abb.N-307–310. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Athyma perius perius: Motono & Negishi,1989 : 58, pl.61, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un),5,♀,6,♀(Un). (Vang Vieng; Phatong; Nam Moh; Luang Prabang; Vientiane; Ban Houei Sai; Pakse)
Athyma perius perius: Osada et al.,1999 : 206, pl.58, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀. (Xaignabouri; Xam Neua)
Athyma perius perius: Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 42. (Namdhua; Nhahin)
Athyma perius perius: Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 45.
Athyma perius perius: Onodera,2022 : 38, pl.115, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Luang Phabang: Nong Hob)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Athyma perius perius: Woodfield & Murton,2006 : fig,♂. (Botum Sakor NP.)
Athyma perius: Onodera,2007 : 23, fig.56♂. (Rattanakiri: Veun Sai)
Athyma perius: Onodera,2008 : 60. (Mondolkiri: O Rang)
Athyma perius perius: Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Athyma perius perius: Kosterin,2019 : 97. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk)
Athyma perius perius: Kosterin,2019b : 32. (Mondulkiri)
Athyma perius perius: Kosterin,2020 : 327. (Siem Reap)
Athyma perius perius: Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 118. (Kampong Chhnang, Koh Kong; Mondulkiri, Preah Sihanouk, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Athyma perius: Joannis,1901 : 319–320. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Pantoporia perius perius: Fruhstorfer,1912 : 626. (Tonkin; Annam)
Pantoporia perius perius: Godfrey,1919 : 468. (S: Daban)
Pantoporia perius: Lemée,1950 : 14. (Hagiang; Hanoi)
Pantoporia perius perius: Metaye,1957 : 96. (N; C; S)
Athyma perius: Vu,2003 : 57. (Phu Quoc)
Athyma perius perius: Luong et al.,2004 : 7, 64, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Athyma perius: Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: Huong Thuy; Bach Ma)
Athyma perius perius: Miyazaki et al.,2006b : 22, figs.N-63,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Athyma perius perius: Nihira,2009 : 99. (Phu Quoc)
Athyma perius perius: Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 35. (N; C; S)
Athyma perius perius: Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(2):20–21, pl.35, figs,1a♂,1b♂(Un),1c♀. (N: Ba Be; Huu Lein; Tam Dao; Ba Vi; Cuc Phuong; Pu Luong; C: Ben En; Pu Hoat; Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Huong Thuy; Bach Ma; Son Thanh; Ngoc Linh; Kon Plong; Chu Yang Sin; Yok Don; S: Binh Chau; Cat Tien; La Nga; Lo Go Xa Mat)
Athyma perius perius: Saito et al.,2021 : 463. (Phu Quoc)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 3♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 9♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 1♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 3♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 1♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nakhon Nayok : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by M.Hayaashi and T.Aoyama).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Yala : 1♂ (photo by S.Atdhabhan).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Champasak : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 11♂ 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is common in forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 50 – 1600m). Males are territorial on shrubs or on the ground. Both sexes visit flowers and males occasionally come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.

Linnaeus, C.,1758 : Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis.
Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii. (Edition 10). 1(Animalia): [iv] + 824 pp.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1912 : 6. Familie: Nymphalidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.
9: 617–632 (15.Oct.1912), Stuttgart, Alfred Kernen.

Corbet, A.S.,1949 : The Linnaean Names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Part 7. Summary of Determinations.
Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B)18(9/10): 191–199.

Murayama, S. & Shimonoya, Y.,1962 : On some interesting butterflies from Formosa, with descriptions of 2 new species, 2 new races, and 7 new aberrant forms.
Tyô to Ga 13(3): 51–59.

Murayama, S. & Shimonoya, Y.,1966 : Some Formosan butterflies of new species, new race, new aberrant forms or little known species and forms.
Tyô to Ga 16(3/4): 58–67.

♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Phetchabun, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behaviour), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)
♂+♀ (mating), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
Predated by Microhierax caerulescens, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2006.02.20 - 2026.03.31.