Hasora chromus chromus (Cramer, 1780)

Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un. Hasora chromus chromus ♀ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♀ Un.
♂, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. ♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un. Hasora chromus chromus ♀ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♀ Un.
♂, Tak, Thailand. ♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♂, Tak, Thailand.
Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un.
♂, Prachuab Kirikan, Thailand.

ON : Papilio chromus Cramer, 1780
OD : Uitl. Kapellen 3(24): 163, pl.284, fig.E(Un).
TL : "Kuft van Coromandel" [S.India].
Distribution : Sri Lanka to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Hainan, Taiwan, Japan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Tioman, Aur, Singapore, Indonesia to New Guinea, Australia.
Hasora chromus chromus map

Synonyms

Papilio alexis Fabricius, 1775 : Syst. Ent.: 533. TL. India. (homonym)
Ismene contempta Plötz, 1884 : Stett. ent. Ztg. 45: 56-57. TL. "Cap York" [Cape York, Australia].
Hasora inermis Elwes & Edwards, 1897 : Trans. zool. Soc. Lond. 14(4): 301, pl.20, fig.16(♂); pl.27, figs.94, 94a. TL. "Liu Kiu Island" [Liu Kiu Island, Okinawa, Japan].
Ismene lucescens Lucas, 1900 : Proc. R. Soc. Qd. 15: 138. TL. "Queensland" [Queensland, Australia].
Hasora attenuata Mabille, 1904 : Gen. Insectorum 17(B): 86. TL. "Nouvelle-Guinee". (synonym & homonym)
Hasora alexis ganapata Fruhstorfer, 1911 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 25(5): 72. TL. "Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, Obi" [Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, Indonesia]. (NHML)


Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Hasora chromus ; Godfrey,1916 : 147.
Hasora malayana attenuata ; Seitz,1927 : 1050. (Siam)
Hasora alexis alexis ; Godfrey,1930 : 353. (Chonburi: Hup Bon; Nong Yai Boo)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Evans,1949 : 61. (Siam)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Pinratana,1985 : 19, pl.5, figs.16,♂,♀,♂(Un). (Nakhon Ratchasima; Nonthaburi; Ratchaburi; Kanchanaburi)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 249, fig.3,♀. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 9. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing; Ban Na Lak; Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang; Nam Tok Soi Sawan)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 732, pl.335, figs.H19,♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Ratchaburi; Tham Than Lod; Phrae; Chiang Mai)
Hasora vitta indica ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : pl.337, figs.H24a♀,♀(Un). (in part)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Chiba,2009 : 24, pl.10, figs.1,♂,2,♀. (Thailand)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.♂(Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2023.03.09)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 25, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kao Saverb; Kao Khiewo; Doi Musso; Taksin; Mae Sam; Thung Yai; Sai York Noi; Kanchanaburi; Than To WF.)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 780, pl.359, figs.H18,♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Ratchaburi; Tham Than Lod; Phrae; Chiang Mai)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Hasora chromus chromus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Ratchaburi; Sa Kaeo; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.03.28)

[ LAOS ]
Hasora chromus chromus ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 78, col.pl.16,♀ ; pl.110, figs.A3,♀,A4,♀(Un). (Vang Vieng; Pakse)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 221, pl.131, figs.♂,♀. (Vang Vieng)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Chiba,2009 : 24, pl.10, figs.1,♂,2,♀. (Laos)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 56.
Hasora chromus chromus ; Onodera,2022 : 102, pl.237, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Luang Phabang: Phou Khoun; Savannakhet)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Hasora chromus chromus ; Kosterin,2020 : 332, fig.57[♀](Un). (Stueng Treng)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 124. (Koh Kong; Stueng Treng)

[ VIETNAM ]
Hasora chromus chromus ; Evans,1949 : 61. (Annam)
Hasora chromus ; Lemée,1950 : 23. (Hagiang; Backan)
Hasora alexis ; Metaye,1957 : 78. (no loc.)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Inoué & Kawazoé,1964 : 39-41, textfig.4(♂genitalia), figs.9,♂,10,♂(Un). (Bobla)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,1999 : 155. (C: Bach Ma; Vu Quang)
Hasora chromus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 44. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2007b : 2, figs.H-5,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Chiba,2009 : 24, pl.10, figs.1,♂,2,♀. (C / S)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 70. (C / S)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 43, figs.116,♂,116v♂(Un),117,♀,117v♀(Un). (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)


Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♂ 2♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chiang Mai : 7♂ 5♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Nan : 6♂ 2♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Tak : 10♂ 2♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Kanchanaburi : 4♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chonburi : 1♂ 3♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Phetchaburi : 1♂ (photo by M.Hayashi).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Prachuap Khiri Khan : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


[ LAOS ]
Luang Prabang : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Savannakhet : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Champasak : 3♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


Notes

The butterfly is locally very common in secondary and montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 50 - 1000m) and is crepuscular. Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.


Literature

Fabricius, J.C.,1775 : Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus.
Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae, Libraria Kortii 8vo : [i-xxx] + 832 pp.

Cramer, P.,1780 : De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique.
3(23/24): 129-176, pls.265-288 (1780), Amsteldam, S.J.Baalde; Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp.

Plötz, C.,1884 : Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Ismene Sw. und ihre Arten.
Stett. ent. Ztg. 45(1-3): 51-66.

Elwes, H.J. & Edwards, J.,1897 : A Revision of the Oriental Hesperiidae.
Trans. zool. Soc. Lond. 14(4): 101-324, pls.18-27.

Lucas, T.P.,1900 : New Species of Queensland Lepidoptera.
Proc. R. Soc. Qd. 15: 137-161.

Mabille, P.,1904 : Genera Insectorum. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera. Fam. Hesperidae.
17(B): 79-142. (1904)

Fruhstorfer, H.,1911 : Neue Hesperiden des Indo-Malayischen Faunengebietes und Besprechung verwandter Formen.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 25(5): 57-72. (1.May.1911)

Evans, W.H.,1949 : A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History).
i-xix + 1-502, pls.1-35. London.


Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Hasora chromus chromus ♂
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Hasora chromus chromus ♂
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1999.07.31 - 2025.02.28.

A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.