Hasora chromus chromus (Cramer, 1780)
Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un. Hasora chromus chromus ♀ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♀ Un.
♂, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. ♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un. Hasora chromus chromus ♀ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♀ Un.
♂, Tak, Thailand. ♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ♂, Tak, Thailand.
Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Up. Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Un.
♂, Prachuab Kirikan, Thailand.

ON : Papilio chromus Cramer, 1780
OD : Uitl. Kapellen 3(24):163, pl.284, fig.E(Un).
TL : "Kuft van Coromandel" [S.India].
Distribution : Sri Lanka to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Japan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Tioman, Aur, Singapore, Indonesia to New Guinea, Australia. 		Hasora chromus chromus map
Synonyms

Papilio alexis Fabricius, 1775 : Syst. Ent. :533. TL. India. (homonym)
Ismene contempta Plötz, 1884 : Stett. ent. Ztg. 45:56-57. TL. "Cap York" [Cape York, Australia].
Hasora inermis Elwes & Edwards, 1897 : Trans. zool. Soc. Lond. 14(4):301, pl.20, fig.16(♂); pl.27, figs.94, 94a. TL. "Liu Kiu Island" [Liu Kiu Island, Okinawa, Japan].
Ismene lucescens Lucas, 1900 : Proc. R. Soc. Qd. 15:138. TL. "Queensland" [Queensland, Australia].
Hasora attenuata Mabille, 1904 : In Wytsman, Gen. Ins. (17b):86. TL. "Nouvelle-Guinee". (synonym & homonym)
Hasora alexis ganapata Fruhstorfer, 1911 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 25(5):72. TL. "Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, Obi" [Deutsch-Neu-Guinea, Indonesia]. (NHML)

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Hasora chromus ; Godfrey,1916 : 147.
Hasora malayana attenuata ; Seitz,1927 : 1050. (Siam)
Hasora alexis alexis ; Godfrey,1930 : 353. (Chonburi: Hup Bon; Nong Yai Boo)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Evans,1949 : 61. (Siam)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Pinratana,1985 : 19, pl.5, figs.16,♂,♀,♂(Un). (Nakhon Ratchasima; Nonthaburi; Ratchaburi; Kanchanaburi)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 249, fig.3,♀. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 9. (Mukdahan: Phu Huay Sing; Ban Na Lak; Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang; Nam Tok Soi Sawan)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 732, pl.335, figs.H19,♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Ratchaburi; Tham Than Lod; Phrae; Chiang Mai)
Hasora vitta indica ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : pl.337, figs.H24a♀,♀(Un). (in part)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Chiba,2009 : 24, pl.10, figs.1,♂,2,♀. (Thailand)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.♂(Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2023.03.09)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 25, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kao Saverb; Kao Khiewo; Doi Musso; Taksin; Mae Sam; Thung Yai; Sai York Noi; Kanchanaburi; Than To WF.)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 780, pl.359, figs.H18,♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Ratchaburi; Tham Than Lod; Phrae; Chiang Mai)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Hasora chromus chromus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Ratchaburi; Sa Kaeo; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.03.28)

[ LAOS ]
Hasora chromus chromus ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 78, col.pl.16,♀ ; pl.110, figs.A3,♀,A4,♀(Un). (Vang Vieng; Pakse)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 221, pl.131, figs.♂,♀. (Vang Vieng)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Chiba,2009 : 24, pl.10, figs.1,♂,2,♀. (Laos)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 56.
Hasora chromus chromus ; Onodera,2022 : 102, pl.237, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Luang Phabang: Phou Khoun; Savannakhet)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Hasora chromus chromus ; Kosterin,2020 : 332, fig.57[♀](Un). (Stueng Treng)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 124. (Koh Kong; Stueng Treng)

[ VIETNAM ]
Hasora chromus chromus ; Evans,1949 : 61. (Annam)
Hasora chromus ; Lemée,1950 : 23. (Hagiang; Backan)
Hasora alexis ; Metaye,1957 : 78. (no loc.)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Inoué & Kawazoé,1964 : 39-41, figs.9,♂,10,♂(Un). (Bobla)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,1999 : 155. (C: Bach Ma; Vu Quang)
Hasora chromus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 44. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2007b : 2, figs.H-5,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Chiba,2009 : 24, pl.10, figs.1,♂,2,♀. (C / S)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 70. (C / S)
Hasora chromus chromus ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 43, figs.116,♂,116v♂(Un),117,♀,117v♀(Un). (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♂ 2♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chiang Mai : 7♂ 5♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Nan : 6♂ 2♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Tak : 10♂ 2♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Kanchanaburi : 4♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chonburi : 1♂ 3♀.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Phetchaburi : 1♂ (photo by M.Hayashi).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Prachuap Khiri Khan : 1♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


[ LAOS ]
Luang Prabang : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Savannakhet : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Champasak : 3♂.
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Notes

The butterfly is locally very common in secondary and montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 50 - 1000m) and is crepuscular. Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.

Literature

Fabricius, J.C.,1775 : Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus.
Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae, Libraria Kortii 8vo :[i-xxx] + 832pp.

Cramer, P.,1775-1780 :
De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique.
Amsteldam, S.J.Baalde; Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp.
1(1/7):i-xxx, 1-16, 1-132, pls.1-84 ([31 December]1775), (8):133-155, pls.85-96 (1776); 2(9/16):1-151, pls.97-192 (1777); 3(17/22):1-128, pls.193-264 (1779), (23/24):129-176, pls.265-288 (1780); 4(25/26):1-28, pls.289-304 (1780)

Plötz, C.,1884 : Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Ismene Sw. und ihre Arten.
Stett. ent. Ztg. 45(1-3):51-66.

Elwes, H.J. & Edwards, J.,1897 : A Revision of the Oriental Hesperiidae.
Trans. zool. Soc. Lond. 14(4):101-324, pls.18-27.

Lucas, T.P.,1900 : New Species of Queensland Lepidoptera.
Proc. R. Soc. Qd. 15:137-161.

Mabille, P.,1904 : Genera Insectorum. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera. Fam. Hesperidae in Wytsman.
Genera Insectorum 17(A):1-78(1903), (B):79-142(1904), (C):143-182(1904), (D):183-210 (1904).

Fruhstorfer, H.,1911 : Neue Hesperiden des Indo-Malayischen Faunengebietes und Besprechung verwandter Formen.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 25(5):57-72. (1.May.1911)

Evans, W.H.,1949 : A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History).
i-xix+1-502, pls.1-35. London.

Hasora chromus chromus ♂ Hasora chromus chromus ♂
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Hasora chromus chromus ♂
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
1999.07.31 - 2024.06.30.
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.