♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♂, Phangnga, Thailand.

ON : Isamia carpenteri Moore, 1891 OD : Lep. Ind. 1:131-132, pl.50, figs.1,♀, 1a♀(Un). TL : Mergui Archipelago. (♀, NHML) Distribution : P.Thailand (Ranong to Satun), S.Myanmar (Mergui), Langkawi, W.Malaysia (Kedah). ● ssp.camaralzeman ● ssp.carpenteri ● ssp.malayica

Euploea malayica paraclaudina Pendlebury, 1939 : J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. 18(3):384. TL. Langkawi Is. (♂)

carpenteri ; ♀, Syntype (Blue) / Type (red), Rh6581, Mergui. designated by P.Ackery,1979. (NHML, examined)
paraclaudina ;
Holoype ♂, Langkawi Is. M.J.V.Miller ; Alloype ♀, Langkawi Is. M.J.V.Miller
Paratype ♂, 18.May.1924. Na Wongse, Patalung [Pattalung], P.Siam.

[ THAILAND ]
Euploea malayica malayica ; Godfrey,1930 : 237-238. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Wat Kiriwong)
Euploea malayica malayica ; Godfrey,1932a : 266. (P)
Euploea camaralzeman carpenteri ; Morishita,1977 : 28. (P)
Euploea camaralzeman camaralzeman ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 73. ('Satun')
Euploea camaralzeman malayica f.paraclaudina ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 65,73, pl.80, fig.23b♂. ([Satun])
Euploae camaralzeman paraclaudina ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 200, pl.72, fig.D23b♂. ('Yala' [Thale Ban])
Euploae camaralzeman malayica ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 200, pl.72, figs.N23b♂(top). (Trang; Thale Ban) (in part)
Euploae camaralzeman carpenteri ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 35-36, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Ranong; Phang Nga)
Euploae camaralzeman paraclaudina ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 35-36, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Thaleban)
Euploea camaralzeman malayica ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 234-235, figs.Abb.Da-128. (Phang Nga) (in part)

[ THAILAND ]
Ranong : 1♂.

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Phang Nga : 1♂.

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The butterfly is uncommon in montane forests at low elevations (Alt. 10 - 50m).
Both taxa, carpenteri and paraclaudina, are transitional forms from camaralzeman to malayica. The populations from Mergui, S.Myanmar to Satun, P.Thailand belong to this form. Morishita,1981 and Aoyama,2014 treated paraclaudina as an endemic subspecies of Langkawi Island. However, in the original description, the male paratype of paraclaudina is from Pattalung, P.Thailand. The populations from this area are rather variable, with individual variation seeming to be more pronounced than geographical variation. I therefore treat paraclaudina as a synonym of carpenteri.

Moore, F.,1890-1892 : Lepidoptera Indica. vol.I. Rhopalocera, Family Nymphalidae.
1:1-192, 1890 ; 193-176, 1891 ; 177-310, 1892. L.Reeve & Co., London.

Pendlebury, H.M.,1939 : Notes on some new or little-known Malaysian Butterflies.
J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. 18(3):380-394, 1 pl.

Morishita, K.,1977 : The genus Euploea in the Orient (Lepidoptera: Danaidae).
Acta Rhopalocerologica, Fukuoka. (2):1-60, 35 pls.

Morishita, K.,1981 : Danaidae. In Tsukada, E. (Ed.), Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands 2
439-628, pls.85-162. Plapac, Tokyo. (in Japanese)

Aoyama, Y.,2014 : Collecting data of butterflies in Langkawi
Self published. 237 pp.

2023.03.31.