Euripus nyctelius nyctelius
(Doubleday, 1845)
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♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Nan, Thailand. |
♀, Nan, Thailand. |
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♂, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand. |
♀, Nan, Thailand. |
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♀, Phrae, Thailand. |
♀, Tak, Thailand. |
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♀, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand. |
♀, Lampang, Thailand. |
ON :
Diadema nyctelius Doubleday, 1845
OD : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1)16:182.
TL : "Sylhet" [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh].
Distribution : N.India, Assam to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S.China, Hainan.
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● ssp.nyctelius |
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● ssp.euploeoides |
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Synonyms
(--- The taxon marked with an asterisk is cited from other literature and I have not been able to confirm the original description.)
Euripus halitherses Doubleday, [1848] : Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): pl.41, fig.2. TL. Assam, Northern India.
Hestina isa Moore, [1858] : in: Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. East-India Co. 1:161. TL. Darjeeling, [N.India].
Euripus haliartus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864 : Wien. ent. Monats. 4(8):234-235. TL. "nördlichen Indien" [Sikkim, N.India].
Euripus cinnamomeus Wood-Mason, 1881 : J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt.2, 50(4):272-273, pl.4, fig.4,♀. TL. Shilong, Khasi Hills, "N.E.India" [Meghalaya, India].
Euripus halitherses ♀f. alcathoeides Nicéville, 1886 : Butts. India Burmah Ceylon 2:20. TL. Thoungyeen Forests, "Upper Tenasserim" [Tanintharyi, S.Myanmar]. [IFS]
Euripus halitherses mastor Fruhstorfer, 1903 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 16:28-33. TL. "Tonkin" [N.Vietnam].
Euripus halitherses ♀ab. neda Fruhstofer, 1903 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 16:29. TL. Chiem-Hoa, "Tonkin" [N.Vietnam]. (IFS)
Euripus halitherses ♀ab. phygalia Fruhstofer, 1903 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 16:29. TL. Chiem-Hoa, "Tonkin" [N.Vietnam]. (IFS)
Euripus halitherses ♀ab. hadria Fruhstofer, 1903 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 16:30. TL. Chiem-Hoa, "Tonkin" [N.Vietnam]. (IFS)
Euripus halitherses ♀ab. pademoides Fruhstofer, 1903 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 16:30. TL. Cherra Punji, [Meghalaya, N.India]. (IFS)
Euripus halitherses ♀ab. gulussa Fruhstofer, 1903 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 16:30. TL. Sikkim, [N.India]. (IFS)
Euripus halitherses ♀ab. gyrtone Fruhstofer, 1903 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 16:30-31. TL. Sikkim, [N.India]. (IFS)
∗ "♀f. pseuduniformis Nguyen, 1982 : TL. "Lower Burma" [S. Myanmar]. (IFS)" (Cited from Masui & Inomata,1995)
Euripus nyctelius marginalis Chou, Yuan, Yin, Zhang & Chen, 2002 : Entomotaxonomia 24(1):53. TL. Guangdong.
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Euripus halitherses mastor ♀ab.isa ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 318. (Siam)
Euripus halitherses mastor ♀ab.neda ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 318. (Siam)
Euripus halitherses mastor ♀ab.alcathoeoides ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 318. (Hinlap)
Euripus halitherses mastor ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 708. (Siam)
Euripus halitherses halitherses ; Godfrey,1916 : 132.
Euripus halitherses halitherses ; Godfrey,1930 : 299-300. (Chiang Rai; Nam Phat(Sen Tor); Muak Lek)
Euripus halitherses mastor ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 75. (Lampang; Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Pinratana,1979 : 94, figs.N161,♂,♀,♀,♀,♀,♀,♀. (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Chanthaburi; Nakhon Nayok; Prachinburi) (in part)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ♀f. nyctelius ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 90, pl.67. (Nakhon Ratchasima; Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Chiang Rai; Phrae; Phisanulok; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Petchaburi) (in part)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ♀f. euploeoides ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 90, pl.67. (Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Ratchasima; Phrae)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ♀f. alcathoides ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 90, pl.67. (Phrae)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 256, fig.114,♂. (Ubon Ratchathani: Pha Taem; Mukdahan: Phu Pha Thaep; Phu Pha Phung)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 31. (Ubon Ratchathani: Kaeng E-Keow)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 52. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 70, fig.174,♂. (Umphang)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 50, fig.123,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 470, pl.209, figs.N185,♂,♂(Un),♀f. cinnamomea,♀f. alcathoeoides, ♀f. euploeoides,♀f. nyctelius,♀f. isa. (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Nayok)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 492, pl.219, figs.N369,♂,♂(Un),♀f. cinnamomea,♀f. alcathoeoides, ♀f. euploeoides,♀f. nyctelius,♀f. isa. (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Nayok)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs, Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Lampang; Kamphaeng Phet; Phetchabun; Chaiyaphum; Sa Kaeo; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2024.05.08)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 126-127, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Suthep; Khun Lao Villege; Bang Salock; Mae Mo; Doi Pa Chang; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kratchin WF; Kao Khiewo; Kaeng Krachan) (in part)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 86. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
[ LAOS ]
Euripus cinnamomeus ; Vitalis,1919 : 233. (Laos)
Euripus nyctelius ssp. ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 62, pl.76, figs.5,♂,6,♂(Un),7,♀,8,♀. (Luang Prabang; Pakse; Tha Ngone; Nam Moh; Vientiane; Ban Houei Sai; Nam Ngum Dam)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 43. (Thabeng; Namdhua; Nakai)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Nakamura et al.,2009 : 26, figs.10,♀,♀(Un). (Bolovens)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Onodera,2009b : 41. (Khammouan: Nacay)
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 47, pl.6, figs.168,♀,♀(Un).
Euripus nyctelius euploeoides ; Onodera,2022 : 49, pl.144, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un), pl.145, figs.♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Vientiane: Vang Vieng; Bolikhamxai: Phon Si; Luang Phabang: Thapen; Oudomxai)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ; Kosterin,2019b : 32, fig.29,♂. (Mondulkiri)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ; Kosterin,2020 : 329. (Preah Vihear)
Euripus nyctelius nyctelius ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 119. (Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Preah Vihear; Siem Reap)
[ VIETNAM ]
Euripus halitherses mastor ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 317. (Tonkin: Chiem Hoa)
Euripus halitherses mastor ♀ab. cinnamomeus ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 318. (Tonkin: Phunkte / Annam)
Euripus halitherses mastor ♀ab. hadria ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 318. (Tonkin)
Euripus halitherses mastor ♀ab. neda ; Fruhstorfer,1906 : 318. (Tonkin)
Euripus halitherses mastor ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 708. (Tonkin)
Euripus halitherses mastor ♀ab. phygalia ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 708. (Annam)
Euripus halitherses mastor ♀ab. cinnamomeus ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 708. (Annam)
Euripus mastor ; Vitalis,1919 : 233. (Tonkin)
Euripus phygalia ; Vitalis,1919 : 233. (Tonkin)
Euripus neda ; Vitalis,1919 : 233. (Tonkin)
Euripus badria ; Vitalis,1919 : 233. (Annam)
Euripus mastor ; Lemée,1950 : 16. (Hagiang)
Euripus halitherses halitherses ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N / C / S)
Euripus halitherses halitherses f.♀. neda ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N)
Euripus halitherses halitherses f.♀. pademoides ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N / C / S)
Euripus halitherses halitherses f.♀. haliartus ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N / C / S)
Euripus halitherses halitherses f.♀. alcathoeoides ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N / C / S)
Euripus halitherses halitherses f.♀. cinnamomeus ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N / C / S)
Euripus halitherses halitherses f.♀. nyctelius ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N / C / S)
Euripus halitherses halitherses f.♀. gyrtone ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N / C / S)
Euripus halitherses mastor ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (N / C / S)
Euripus halitherses mastor f.♀. hadria ; Metaye,1957 : 98. (C)
Euripus nyctelius ; Luong et al.,2004 : 8, 70, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Euripus nyctelius ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 42. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi)
Euripus nyctelius mastor ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 34, fig.N-109,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Euripus nyctelius mastor ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2007c : 38, fig.N-109,♀. (Lam Dong: Dai Duc Me)
Euripus nyctelius mastor ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 44. (N / C / S)
Euripus nyctelius mastor ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):69-70, pl.8, figs.2a♂,2b♀(f. nyctelius),2c♀(f. euploeoides),2d♀(f. isa),2e♀(f. cinnamomea),2f♀(f.??). (N: Tam Dao; Cuc Phuong; Pu Luong; Ba Be / C: Ben En; Pu Mat; Nam Dong; A Luoi; Ngoc Linh; Chu Yang Sin; Cat Loc; Da Teh; Bao Lam / S: Cat Tien; Lo Go Sa Mat)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 3♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai : 12♂ 12♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lampang : 1♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phrae : 1♀ (no data).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nan : 7♂ 10♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Uttaradit : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Loei : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nongkhai : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 2♂ 1♀ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 7♂ 3♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chanthaburi : 4♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Prachuap Khiri Khan : 12♂ 8♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Oudomxai : 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Luang Prabang : 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Bolikhamxai : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phon Si : 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Khammouan : 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Champasak : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 2♂ 2♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 300 - 1600m).
Males often come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
The female is polymorphic and very variable.
It mimics Euploea (Danainae) species, especially core, radamantus and mulciber, and looks very similar to these in flight.
Literature
Doubleday, E.,1845 : Descriptions of new or imperfectly described Diurnal Lepidoptera.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1)16:176-182, 232-236, 304-307.
Doubleday, E.,1846-1852 : The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus.
Longon, Longman, Brown, Green and Longman's. xii + ii + 534 pp, 86 pls, In 54 parts. In 2 vols.
Moore, F.,[1858] : in: Horsfield & Moore, A catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company. Vol.1.
London, W.H. Allen and Co. v + 278 pp., 12 pls.
Felder, C. & Felder, R.,1860 : Lepidopterologische Fragmente. VI.
Wien. ent. Monats. 4(8):225-251, pl.3,4.
Wood-Mason, J.,1881 : Description of a new Species of the Lepidopterous Genus Euripus from North-Eastern India.
J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Part II. 50(4):272-273.
Nicéville, L. de,1886 : The butterflies of India, Burmah and Ceylon.
A descriptive handbook of all the known species of rhopalocerous Lepidoptera inhabiting that region, with notices of allied species occurring in the neighbouring countries along the border, with numerous illustrations. Volume II (Nymphalidae, Libytheidae, Nemeobiidae).
Calcutta Central Press : vii + 332 pp, frontispiece, pls.18-24.
Fruhstorfer, H.,1903 : Neue Nymphaliden aus Ostasien.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 16(1):22-42. (Oct.1903)
Nguyen, T.H.,1985 : Le polymorphisme et le mimétisme d'Idrusia nyctelius Doubleday [Lep. Nymphalidae]
Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 90(1-4):1083-1102.
Masui, A. & Inomata, T.,1995 : Apaturinae of the World (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) 7
Yadoriga 160:2-16. (in Japanese)
Chou, I., Yuan, X.Q., Yin, H.S., Zhang, C.S. & Chen, X.C.,2002 : New Species, New Subspecies, and New Records of Butterflies from China (VI).
Entomotaxonomia 24(1):52-68, 23 figs.
Lang, S.Y.,2012 : The Nymphalidae of China (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera), Part I. Libytheinae, Danainae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Heliconiinae, Nymphalinae, Charaxinae, Apaturinae, Cyrestinae, Biblidinae, Limenitinae.
Tshikolovets. Czech Rep. 456pp. col.pls.32.
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| ♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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| ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
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| ♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
