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| ♂, Xam Neua, Laos. (Photo by K.Saito) | ♂, Xiang Khouang, Laos. ( Photo by H.Onodera) | ||
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| ♂, Phong Saly, Laos. | ♂ (genitalia), Phong Saly, Laos. | ||
| ON :
Hestina persimilis ssp. OD : TL : Distribution : S.Yunnan, Laos, N.Vietnam.
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[ LAOS ]
Parhestina persimilis ; Vitalis,1919 : 232. (Laos)
Diagora persimilis f. persimilis ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 45. (Laos)
Diagora persimilis persimilis ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 62, pl.77, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un). (Nam Moh)
Hestina persimilis ssp. ; Masui & Uehara,1994 : 6, figs.31,♀,♀(Un). (Xiang Khouang)
Hestina persimilis persimilis ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 208, pl.75, figs.♂,♀,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Oudomxay; Xiang Khouang; Phong Saly)
Hestina persimilis persimilis ; Onodera,2009b : 37. (Xieng Kouang: Nam Noen)
Hestina persimilis persimilis ; Onodera,2022 : 49, pl.145, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Xiengkhouang: Muang Kham)
Hestina persimilis ; Masui,2025 : 288, pl.134, figs.♂(ws),♂(ws,Un). (N.Laos)
Hestina japonica viridis ; Masui,2025 : 290,292, pl.136, figs.♂(ws),♂(ws,Un),♀(ws),♀(ws,Un),♂(ds),♂(ds,Un). (N.Laos)
[ VIETNAM ]
Parhestina persimilis ; Vitalis,1919 : 232. (Tonkin)
Diagora persimilis ; Funahashi,2003 : 16. (Mt.Pia Oac)
Hestina persimilis persimilis ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 44. (N: Lao Cai; Bac Can; Cao Bang)
Hestina persimilis persimilis ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):75, pl.9, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un),1c♂(f. viridis),1d♂(f. viridis,Un),1e♀(f. viridis),1f♀(f. viridis,Un). (N: Ba Be; Na Hang; Ha Giang: Cao Bang)
Hestina persimilis ; Masui,2025 : 288, pl.134, figs.♂(ws),♂(ws,Un). (N.Vietnam)
Hestina japonica viridis ; Masui,2025 : 290,292, pl.136, figs.♂(ds),♂(ds,Un),♀(ds),♀(ds,Un),♂(ws),♂(ws,Un),♀(ws),♀(ws,Un). (N.Vietnam)
[ LAOS ]
Phong Saly : 1♂ (genitalia dissected).
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Masui (2025) noted that persimilis and viridis are sympatric in SE Yunnan, Laos, and N. Vietnam. He separated Hestina persimilis and Hestina japonica (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862) based on male genitalia and the sympatric distribution of both species, and treated viridis as a subspecies of H. japonica. However, there is considerable variation in genitalia, and the differences he noted are likely to fall within the range of variation for the same species. Furthermore, the populations in this region differ from viridis in Sichuan and eastwards, as they show markings that are more intermediate to H. persimilis. Thus, I will use the conventional classification until the results of a molecular analysis are obtained, and treat them provisionally as H. persimilis ssp. Further taxonomic study, including molecular analysis, is needed.
Masui, A. & Inomata, T.,1997 : Apaturinae of the World (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) 8.
Yadoriga 170: 7-23. (in Japanese)
Masui, A.,2025 : Emperor Butterflies of the World. An illustrated Monograph of the Subfamily Apaturinae.
Hokkaido University Press. i-xi + 358 pp. (172 col.pls.)
2019.09.30 - 2025.12.31.
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