♂, Phrae, Thailand.		♀, Phrae, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Rai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand.		♂, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.
♂ genitalia, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Nan, Thailand.
♂ genitalia, Phetchabun, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.

ON : Thaumantis diores Doubleday, 1845 OD : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1)16(105):234-235. TL : "Sylhet" [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh]. Distribution : Sikkim to Myanmar, SE.Tibet, S.Yunnan, N. & C.Thailand, N. & C.Laos, N. & C.Vietnam. ● ssp.diores ● ssp.splendens ● ssp.dalata ● ssp.

Thaumantis ramdeo Moore, [1858] : in: Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. East-India Co. 1:215. TL. "Darjeeling" [Darjeeling, W.Bengal, India].

[ THAILAND ]
Thaumantis diores diores ; Godfrey,1916 : 124. (Prae; Me Song forest) (in part)
Thaumantis diores diores ; Godfrey,1927 : 122. (N)
Thaumantis diores diores ; Godfrey,1930 : 261. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chiang Rai: Doi Chang) (in part)
Thaumantis diores splendens ; Pinratana,1983 : 56, 63, pl.42, fig.20,♂. (Chiang Mai; Loei) (in part)
Thaumantis diores splendens ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 334, pl.141, figs.A22,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Thaumantis diores diores ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 336, pl.141, figs.N169a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai) (in part)
Thaumantis diores diores ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Nan; Phetchabun) (accessed: 2023.06.03)
Thaumantis diores diores ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 149, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Khun Lao; Nam Nao; Phu Khiewo)

[ LAOS ]
Thaumantis diores ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 33. (Xieng-Om; Lat-Muong; Nam-Tiene)
Thaumantis diores splendens ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 66, pl.92, fig.8,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng)
Thaumantis diores hainana ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 212, pl.98, fig.♂. (Xiang Khouang)
Thaumantis diores hainana ; Uémura,2005 : 4, fig.24,map. (Ban Saleui; Nong Het; Phong Si; Nha Hin)
Thaumantis diores hainana ; Uémura,2006 : 5-6, fig.35,map. (C: near border to Vietnam)
Thaumantis diores diores ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 50.
Thaumantis diores diores ; Onodera,2022 : 66, pl.194, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Luang Phabang)

[ VIETNAM ]
Thaumantis diores ramdeo ; Fruhstorfer,1911 : 438. (Tonkin: Bay of Along)
Thaumantis ramdeo ; Vitalis,1919 : 225. (Tonkin)
Thaumantis diores ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 33. (Tonkin: Ha-Giang)
Thaumantis diores ; Lemée,1950 : 9. (Hagiang / Backan)
Thaumantis diores diores f.aest.diores ; Metaye,1957 : 100. (C)
Thaumantis diores diores f.hib.ramdeo ; Metaye,1957 : 100. (N / C)
Thaumantis diores diores ; Ikeda et al.,1999 : 57,59, figs.8:10,♂,11,♂(Un),12,♀, fig.9:41(♂,genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Thaumantis diores ; Luong et al.,2004 : 5, 53, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Thaumantis diores diores ; Monastyrskii,2011 : 112-114. (N: Hoang Lien; Tam Dao; Ba Be; Na Hang; Huu Lien; Bay Tu Long / C: Cuc Phuong; Xuan Lien; Pu Hoat; Pu Mat; Huong Son)
Thaumantis diores diores ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 29. (N / C)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♂ (incl. photo), (1♂ genitalia dissected).

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Chiang Rai : 1♂ 1♀.

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Chiang Mai : 3♂ 1♀.

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Lampang : 1♂.

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Phrae : 5♂ 1♀.

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Nan : 6♂ 5♀ (incl. photo & photo by A.Giudici), (1♂ genitalia dissected).

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Phetchabun : 1♂ (genitalia dissected).

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Chaiyaphum : 2♂ (incl. photo), (1♂ genitalia dissected).

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[ LAOS ]
Luang Phabang : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).

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Xieng Khouang : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).

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[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phuc : 1♂ (genitalia dissected).

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The butterfly is locally not rare in montane dense forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt.400 - 1300m).
Lang (2010) treated hainana as a distinct species due to differences in the male genitalia. Indeed, the male genitalia are broadly divided into the diores and hainana groups. However, individual variation of genitalia is very high and intermediate individuals are found in N. Vietnam and Guizhou. Subsequent molecular studies in Li et al. (2024) have shown that they are the same species.
It is very interesting that the populations with the typical characteristics of the hainana group occur in Guangxi-Hainan and in S. Laos, C. to S. Vietnam, while the diores group is interrupted in N. and C. Laos to N. and C. Vietnam. Further taxonomic study is needed.

Doubleday, E.,1845 : Descriptions of new or imperfectly described Diurnal Lepidoptera.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1)16:176-182, 232-236, 304-307.

Horsfield, T. & Moore, F.,[1858] : A catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Honourable East-India Company. Vol.1.
London, W.H. Allen and Co. v + 278 pp., 12 pls.

Lang, S.Y.,2010 : Thaumantis hainana (Crowley, 1900), a distinct species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Atalanta 41(1/2):235-238.

Wang, X.J. & Lang, S.Y.,2023 : A new subspecies of Thaumantis hainana (Crowley, 1900) from Guizhou province, southwest region of China (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
SHILAP Revta. lepid. 51(202):315-321.

Li, H-Z, Liu, Z., Li, J-L., Xie, T. & Xu, X-X.,2024 : A revision of the genus Thaumantis Hübner, [1826] from China (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Zootaxa 5437(4):597–600.

♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.	♀, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Chaiyaphum, Thailand.	♀, Nan, Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici)

2007.10.10 - 2025.03.31.