♂ (dsf), Uttaradit, Thailand.		♀ (dsf), Tak, Thailand.
♂ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (dsf), Champasak, Laos.		♂ (isf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

ON : Terias hainana Moore, 1878 OD : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):700. TL : Hainan. (NHML) Distribution : Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, S.China, Taiwan, Japan.

Kibreeta fruhstorferi Moore, 1906 : Lep. Ind. 7(75):40. TL. "Tonkin ; Annam ; Siam" [N.Vietnam ; C.Vietnam ; Thailand].
Eurema libythea f.var. formosana Matsumura, 1919 : Thous. Ins. Japan Addit. 3:510, pl.34, fig.13,♂. TL. "Horisha, Tappan, Formosa" [Puli, Taiwan].
Eurema dorothea Nakahara, 1922 : Entomologist 55:123-124. TL. "Horisha, Formosa" [Puli, Taiwan].

hainana ;
Lectotype ♂, Hainan. designated by Yata,1988. (NHML) ; Yata,1989 : pl.4, figs.5,♂(dsf), 6,♂(dsf,Un).
Paralectotype ♀, Hainan. designated by Yata,1988. (NHML) ; Yata,1989 : pl.4, figs.7,♀(dsf), 8,♀(dsf,Un).
dorothea ; Holotype ♂, 20.Jul.1919. "Horisha, Formosa" [Puli, Taiwan]. K.Asakura

[ THAILAND ]
Terias libythea libythea ; Godfrey,1930 : 229. (Chiang Rai)
Eurema brigitta fruhstorferi ; Pinratana,1983 : 27, pl.22, figs.46,♂. (Chiang Mai; Sakon Nakhon; Sri Saket; Sara Buri; Chonburi; Nakhon Ratchasima; Prachuap Khiri Khan; 'Yala') (in part)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Yata,1989 : 70-71. (Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai; Mae Klang; Doi Inthanon; Doi Dao; Doi Suthep; Pactouchai)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 252, fig.54,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu; Phu Pha Phung)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 18. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 47. (Mukdahan: Phu Hin Khan; Phu Huai Sing)
Eurema brigitta rubella ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 170, pl.57, figs.Pi50a♂,♂(Un),♀(dsf),♀(dsf,Un). (Kanchanaburi: Tham Than Lod)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 170, pl.57, figs.Pi50b♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Pak Thong Chai; Chiang Mai: Doi Inthanon; Ban Hong)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Jeratthitikul et al.,2009 : 5-6, figs.3A♂,B♂,C♀. (Chiang Mai: Doi Pui; Huay Hong Krai; MaeSaikhom; Tak: Sam Ngao, Huay Yao; Phetchabun: Nam Nao; Chaiyaphum: Phu Khiao; Khon Kaen; Saraburi: Kaeng Koi; Phe Kae; Nakhon Nayok; Kanchanaburi: Thong Pha Phum; Ratchaburi: Banpong)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.♂(Un). (Koh Samui; Koh Phangan) (accessed: 2022.11.30)
Eurema brigitta rubella ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 142, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Doi Inthanon; Doi Suthep)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 142, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Kradung; Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo; Bang Sarrey; Bang Phra; Kao Khiewo; Pliewn WF; Sai York Noi; Khlong Tariew; Wang Kheo; Kanchanaburi; Ratchaburi; Chung Phoon)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 170, pl.57, figs.Pi50a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Pak Thong Chai; Doi Inthanon; Ban hong)
Eurema brigitta senna ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 170. (Kanchanaburi) (in part)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Sa Kaeo) (accessed: 2022.11.30)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)

[ LAOS ]
Eurema brigitta fruhstorferi ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 50, pl.28, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un). (Tha Ngone; Pakse)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 203, pl.41, figs.♂,♀. (Xiang Khouang)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Onodera,2009b : 38. (Vientiane: Vang Vieng)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 43.
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Onodera,2022 : 20, pl.76, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Phon Si; Xiengkhouang: Phonsavan)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Eurema brigitta fruhstorferi ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs,♀,♀(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Eurema sp. ; Kosterin,2019b : 27, fig.4. (Ratanakiri)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Kosterin,2020 : 314. (Preah Vihear)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 114. (Koh Kong; Oddar Meanchey; Preah Vihear; Siem Reap; Pursat)

[ VIETNAM ]
Terias libythea fruhstorferi ; Lemée,1950 : 6. (Hagiang; Hanoi; Langson)
Terias libythea fruhstorferi ; Metaye,1957 : 87. (N / C / S)
Eurema brigitta fruhstorferi ; Shirôzu & Yata,1973 : 122-123, pl.3, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un). (S: Binh Tri Dong; Saigon; Blao; Dalat)
Eurema brigitta rubella ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 19, fig.6:3,♀. (Cuc Phuong)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Luong et al.,2004 : 3, 34, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 14, fig.Pi-31,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Nihira,2009 : 98. (Phu Quoc)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 21, fig.Pi-31,♀. (Phan Thiet; Lam Dong: Madagui; Ho Chi Minh)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 18. (N / C / S)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Eurema brigitta hainana ; Saito et al.,2017 : 77. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Coto)

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 10♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Loei : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Uttaradit : 2♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 1♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Sekong : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Champasak : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is locally common in open land and secondary forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 300 - 1000m). Both sexes visit flowers and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
Pinratana (1983) recorded this taxon as ssp.fruhstorferi from 'Yala', but the locality seems somewhat doubtful. I have never seen any specimens from the southern part of peninsular Thailand. Therefore, I won't adopt it until a reliable specimen is confirmed. Ek-Amnuay ([2007],2012) recorded ssp.sena from 'Yala', however I have removed it from the list. For further information see Pieridae - Addendum. Further distributional research is needed.

Moore, F.,1878 : List of Lepidopterous Insects collected by the late R.Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):695-708.

Moore, F.,1905-1907 : Lepidoptera Indica. Vol.7.
Rhopalocera. Family Papilionidae. (Sub-Family Pierinae (continued). Family Lycaenidae. Sub-Families Gerydinae, Lycaenopsinae and Everinae).
L.Reeve & Co., London.

Matsumura, S.,1919 : Thousand Insects of Japan Additamenta, vol.3.
Tokyo, Keiseisha :4+ pp475-742 + 34+3+2, pls.26-53.

Nakahara, W.,1922 : Two New species of Far Eastern Rhopalocera.
Entomologist 55:123-124.

Shirôzu, T. & Yata, O.,1973 : The Genus Eurema of South Viet-Nam and Cambodia
Sieboldia 4(3):121-135.

Yata, O.,1989 : A Revision of the Old World Species of the Genus Eurema Hübner (Lepidoptera, Pieridae).
Part 1. Phylogeny and Zogeography of the Subgenus Terias Swainson and Description of the Subgenus Eurema Hübner.
Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. 9:1-103, pl.1-24.

Irungbam, M., Irungbam, J.S., Rindos, M., Maresova, J.P. & Fric, Z.F.,2023 :
Phylogeography of the small grass yellow Eurema brigitta (Stoll, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) unveils the existence of distinct taxa within the Palaeotropics.
Austral Entomology, 62(4):410–417.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀ (wsf), Sa Kaeo, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1996.10.31 - 2024.09.30.