Appias indra indra
(Moore, 1857)
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
♀, Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♀, Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
♂, Ninh Binh, Vietnam. |
♀ (ws), Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
♂, Ranong, Thailand. |
♀, Ranong, Thailand. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
♂, Ranong, Thailand. |
♀, Ranong, Thailand. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand. |
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
♂, Satun (Khuan Don dist.), Thailand. (photo by E.Ikari) |
♂, Satun (Khuan Don dist.), Thailand. (photo by E.Ikari) |
ON :
Pieris indra Moore, 1857
OD : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1857(25): 103, pl.44, fig.5,♀.
TL : Darjeeling [Darjeeling, W.Bengal, India]. (NHML)
Distribution : Nepal, N.India, Bhutan to Myanmar, Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.
|
 |
Synonyms
Pieris colimba Moore, 1866 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865(3): 759. TL. not stated. [presumably Bengal].
Appias mahana Moore, 1877 : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)20: 48. TL. "Darjiling" [Darjeeling, W.Bengal, India]. (NHML)
Hyposcritia imbecilis Moore, 1884 : J. asiat. Soc. Bengal (Part II), 53(1): 46. TL. 'Silhet, Assam' [southern Khasi Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh]. (NHML)
Tachyris indigis Weymer, 1887 : Stett. ent. Ztg. 48(1/3): 11-12, pl.1, fig.3,♂. TL. Nord-Indien.
Appias indra thronion Fruhstorfer,1910 : In: Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 9(50): 153. TL. "Siam" [Hin Lap, Saraburi, Thailand]. (NHML)
Type Materials Information
indra ; ♀, Type (red), Darjeeling. (NHML, examined)
mahana ; ♂, Type (red), Darjeeling. (NHML, examined)
imbecilis ; ♂, Type (red), Silhet. (NHML, examined)
thronion ; ♂, Type, Januar. Hinlap, [Saraburi], "Siam" [Thailand]. H.Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Appias indra thronion ; Godfrey,1916 : 115. (by literatur, from original description.)
Appias indra thronion ; Godfrey,1930 : 226. (Muak Lek; Me Lamoung)
Appias indra thronion ; Pinratana,1983 : 18, pl.15, figs.31a♂,♀,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Kanchanaburi; Petchaburi; Rayong; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Tak; Prachuap Khiri Khan)
Appias indra plana ; Pinratana,1983 : 18. (Ranong; Trang) (partim)
Appias indra thronion ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 65, fig.51,♂. (Umphang: Tha Sai)
Appias indra indra ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 152, pl.48, figs.Pi33a♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai: Doi Inthanon; Chaiyaphum: Phu Khieo; Ranong)
Appias indra thronion ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 152, pl.49, figs.Pi33b♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chanthaburi)
Appias indra indra ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 158, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Chiang Dao; Doi Musso; Sai York Noi)
Appias indra thronion ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 158, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Kao Yai; Sarika; Nakohn Nayok; Pliewn WF; Kao Soi Dao; Khlong Naka)
Appias indra indra ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 152, pl.48, figs.Pi33a♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Inthanon; Phu Khieo; Ranong)
Appias indra thronion ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 152, pl.49, figs.Pi33b♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chanthaburi)
Appias indra thronion ; Sophonviwatkul et al.,2015– : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chaiyaphum; Saraburi; Nakhon Nayok; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2024.04.13)
Appias indra plana ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 196-197, figs.Abb.Pi-068-069. (Phang Nga)
Appias indra indra ; K. Chaianunporn & T. Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
Appias indra indra ; Nishimura,2025 : 29, fig.136,♂,136v♂(Un). (Mae Hong Son: Kung Mai Sak; Na Pu Pon)
[ LAOS ]
Appias indra f. indra ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 20. (Giranville, Vientiane)
Appias indra f. mahana ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 20. (Giranville, Vientiane)
Appias indra f. thronion ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 20. (Ban Sai)
Appias indra indra ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 50, pl.22, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un). (Luang Prabang; Vientiane; Vang Vieng; Phatong)
Appias indra thronion ; Osada et al.,1999 : 202, pl.35, figs.♂(dsf),♂(dsf,Un),♂,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng; Lak Sao)
Appias indra thronion ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 39. (Thabok; Namdhua)
Appias indra thronion ; Onodera,2009b : 34-35. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside)
Appias indra thronion ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 42, pl.2, figs.Pi-30,♀,♀(Un). (near Muang Khoune)
Appias indra indra ; Onodera,2022 : 16, pl.65, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Vientiane: Vang Vieng)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Appias indra thronion ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Appias indra thronion ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 114. (Pursat)
[ VIETNAM ]
Appias indra thronion ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 153. (Tonkin / Annam)
Appias indra thronion ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (N / C)
Appias indra indra ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 19, figs.7:16,♂,17,♂(Un),11:39(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Appias indra thronion ; Luong et al.,2004 : 2, 32, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Appias indra ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Appias indra thronion ; Miyazaki et al.,2006 : 11, figs.Pi-16,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Appias indra indra ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 17. (N)
Appias indra thronion ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 17. (C / S)
Appias indra thronion ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Appias indra indra ; Monastyrskii,2024 : 78-80, pl.20, figs.2a♂,2b♂(Un),2c♀,2d♀(Un). (N: Hoang Lien; Ba Be; Na Hang; Huu Lien; Ba Vi; Tam Dao; Cuc Phuong)
Appias indra thronion ; Monastyrskii,2024 : 78-80, pl.20, figs.2e♂,2f♂(Un),2g♀,2h♀(Un). (C: Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Huong Son; Phong Nha-Ke Bang; Bach Ma; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien/Dak Rong; Song Thanh; Ngoc Linh; Kon Plong; Kon Chu Rang; Kon Ka Kinh; Hon Ba; Chu Yang Sin; Bao Lam; Bidoup-Nui Ba)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 20♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai : 6♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 3♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 4♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nakhon Nayok : 4♂ (photo by M.Hayashi).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chanthaburi : 12♂ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Trat : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchaburi : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Ranong : 21♂ 6♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Surat Thani : 1♂ 9♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Satun (Khuan Don dist.) : 9♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Vientiana : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phuc : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Ninh Binh : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lam Dong : 4♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is common in forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 150 - 1800m) and is frequently found at hilltops.
Both sexes visit flowers, and males are frequently observed mud-puddling along stream banks and at puddles.
The species is highly variable and more subject to seasonal and individual variation than to geographic variation.
I provisionally treat all Indo-Chinese populations as the nominotypical subspecies.
Literature
Moore, F.,1857 : Description of some new Species of Lepidopterous Insects from Northern India.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1857(25): 102-104, pls.44-45.
Moore, F.,1866 : On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865(3): 755-822, 3 pls.
Moore, F.,1877 : Descriptions of Asiatic Diurnal Lepidoptera.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)20: 43-52.
Moore, F.,1884 : Descriptions of some New Asiatic Lepidoptera; chiefly from Specimens contained inthe Indian Museum, Calcutta.
J. asiat. Soc. Bengal (Part II), 53(1): 16-52.
Weymer, G.,1887 : Exotische Lepidopteren. (IV).
Stett. ent. Ztg. 48(1/3): 1-18, pls.1,2.
Fruhstorfer, H.,1910 : 2. Familie: Pieridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.
9: 153-168 (2.Apr.1910), Stuttgart, Alfred Kernen.
 |
 |
|
♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
 |
 |
|
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ with Delias hyparete, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
 |
 |
|
♂ with Appias albina, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
