Appias indra indra
(Moore, 1857)
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♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
♀, Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♀, Chaiyaphum, Thailand. |
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♂, Ninh Binh, Vietnam. |
♀ (ws), Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. |
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♂, Ranong, Thailand. |
♀, Ranong, Thailand. |
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♂, Ranong, Thailand. |
♀, Ranong, Thailand. |
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♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand. |
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
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♂, Satun (Khuan Don dist.), Thailand. (photo by E.Ikari) |
♂, Satun (Khuan Don dist.), Thailand. (photo by E.Ikari) |
ON :
Pieris indra Moore, 1857
OD : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1857(333):103, pl.44, fig.5,♀.
TL : Darjeeling, [N.India]. (NHML)
Distribution : Nepal, N.India, Bhutan to Myanmar,
Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S.China.
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Synonyms
Pieris colimba Moore, 1866 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865(3):759. TL. not stated. [presumably Bengal].
Appias mahana Moore, 1877 : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)20:48. TL. "Darjiling" [Darjeeling, N.India]. (NHML)
Hyposcritia imbecilis Moore, 1884 : J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Part II.53(1):46. TL. 'Silhet, Assam' [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh]. (NHML)
Tachyris indigis Weymer, 1887 : Stett. ent. Ztg. 48(1-3):11-12, pl.1, fig.3,♂. TL. Nord-Indien.
Appias indra thronion Fruhstorfer,1910 : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9:153. TL. "Siam" [Hin Lap, Saraburi, Thailand]. (NHML)
Type Materials Information
indra ; ♀, Type (red), Darjeeling. (NHML, examined)
mahana ; ♂, Type (red), Darjeeling. (NHML, examined)
imbecilis ; ♂, Type (red), Silhet. (NHML, examined)
thronion ; ♂, Type, Januar. Hinlap, [Saraburi], "Siam" [Thailand]. H.Fruhstorfer (NHML, examined)
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Appias indra thronion ; Godfrey,1916 : 115. (by literatur, from original description.)
Appias indra thronion ; Godfrey,1930 : 226. (Muak Lek; Me Lamoung)
Appias indra thronion ; Pinratana,1983 : 18, pl.15, figs.31a♂,♀,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Kanchanaburi; Petchaburi; Rayong; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Tak; Prachuap Khiri Khan)
Appias indra plana ; Pinratana,1983 : 18. (Ranong; Trang) (in part)
Appias indra thronion ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 65, fig.51,♂. (Umphang: Tha Sai)
Appias indra indra ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 152, pl.48, figs.Pi33a♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai: Doi Inthanon; Chaiyaphum: Phu Khieo; Ranong)
Appias indra thronion ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 152, pl.49, figs.Pi33b♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chanthaburi)
Appias indra indra ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 158, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Chiang Dao; Doi Musso; Sai York Noi)
Appias indra thronion ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 158, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Kao Yai; Sarika; Nakohn Nayok; Pliewn WF; Kao Soi Dao; Khlong Naka)
Appias indra indra ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 152, pl.48, figs.Pi33a♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Inthanon; Phu Khieo; Ranong)
Appias indra thronion ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 152, pl.49, figs.Pi33b♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chanthaburi)
Appias indra thronion ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chaiyaphum; Saraburi; Nakhon Nayok; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2024.04.13)
Appias indra plana ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 196-197, figs.Abb.Pi-068-069. (Phang Nga)
Appias indra indra ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
[ LAOS ]
Appias indra f. indra ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 20. (Giranville, Vientiane)
Appias indra f. mahana ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 20. (Giranville, Vientiane)
Appias indra f. thronion ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 20. (Ban Sai)
Appias indra indra ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 50, pl.22, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un). (Luang Prabang; Vientiane; Vang Vieng; Phatong)
Appias indra thronion ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 202, pl.35, figs.♂(dsf),♂(dsf,Un),♂,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng; Lak Sao)
Appias indra thronion ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 39. (Thabok; Namdhua)
Appias indra thronion ; Onodera,2009b : 34-35. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside)
Appias indra thronion ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 42, pl.2, figs.Pi-30,♀,♀(Un). (near Muang Khoune)
Appias indra indra ; Onodera,2022 : 16, pl.65, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Vientiane: Vang Vieng)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Appias indra thronion ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Appias indra thronion ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 114. (Pursat)
[ VIETNAM ]
Appias indra thronion ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 153. (Tonkin / Annam)
Appias indra thronion ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (N / C)
Appias indra indra ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 19, figs.7:16,♂,17,♂(Un),11:39(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Appias indra thronion ; Luong et al.,2004 : 2, 32, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Appias indra ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Appias indra thronion ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 11, figs.Pi-16,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Appias indra indra ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 17. (N)
Appias indra thronion ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 17. (C / S)
Appias indra thronion ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 20♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai : 6♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 3♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 4♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nakhon Nayok : 4♂ (photo by M.Hayashi).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chanthaburi : 12♂ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Trat : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchaburi : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Ranong : 21♂ 6♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Surat Thani : 1♂ 9♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Satun (Khuan Don dist.) : 9♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Vientiana : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phuc : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Ninh Binh : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lam Dong : 4♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 150 - 1800m) and is frequently found at hilltops.
Both sexes visit flowers, and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
The species is highly variable and more subject to seasonal and individual variation than to geographic variation.
I provisionally treat all Indo-Chinese populations as the nominotypical subspecies.
Literature
Moore, F.,1857 : Description of some new Species of Lepidopterous Insects from Northern India.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1857(333):102-104, pls.44-45.
Moore, F.,1866 : On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865(3):755-822, 3 pls.
Moore, F.,1877 : Descriptions of Asiatic Diurnal Lepidoptera.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)20:43-52.
Moore, F.,1884 : Descriptions of some New Asiatic Lepidoptera; chiefly from Specimens contained inthe Indian Museum, Calcutta.
J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Part II. 53(1):16-52.
Weymer, G.,1887 : Exotische Lepidopteren. (IV).
Stett. ent. Ztg. 48(1-3):1-18, pls.1,2.
Fruhstorfer, H.,1910 : 2. Familie: Pieridae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
153-168. (2.Apr.1910)
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♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂ with Delias hyparete, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂ with Appias albina, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
