♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. (photo by A.M.Cotton)		♀, Bolikhamxai, Laos. (photo by A.M.Cotton)
♂, Champasak, Laos.		♀, Oudomxay, Laos. (photo by A.M.Cotton)

ON : Papilio polyeuctes  Doubleday, 1842 OD : In J. Gray, Zool. Miscell. 2:74. TL : Silhet. (♂) Distribution : N.E.India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Yunnan.

Papilio philoxenus G.Gray, 1831 : In J. Gray, Zool. Miscell. 1:32. TL. Nepaul. (homonym)
Papilio philoxenus hostilius Fruhstorfer, 1908 : Ent. Zeit. 22(18):72. TL. Lang-Bian Plateau, S.Annam. (♂, NHML) (homonym)
Papilio philoxenus var. polymitis Tytler, 1912 : J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. (21)2:589. (ISS)
Papilio nepenthes Ehrmann, 1920 : Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 15:21. TL. South East Assam.

hostilius ; ♂, Type HT (red), Lang-Bien, Fruhstorfer. (NHML, examined)

[ THAILAND ]
Papilio philoxenus polyeuctes ; Jordan,1908-1909 : 32. (N.Siam)
Papilio philoxenus polyeuctes ; Godfrey,1916 : 109. (N: Record from literature, Seitz, 9:32.)
Papilio philoxenus polyeuctes ; Godfrey,1927 : 207. (N)
Papilio philoxenus polyeuctes ; Godfrey,1930 : 207. (Chiang Rai: Doi Chang; 'Prae: Me Song forest'; Pang Yao)
Atrophaneura philoxenus polyeuctes ; Pinratana,1977 : 15, figs.P9,♀,♂(Un). (N)
Parides polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 14,40, pl.13, figs.10,♂,♀. (Chiang Mai)
Atrophaneura polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 70, pl.6, figs.P14,♂,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep-Pui; Chiang Dao; Wiang Pa Pao)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Racheli & Cotton,2010 : 53-56, fig.♂genitalia. (Thailand)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 115, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Ankaan; Doi Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon; Khun Lao Village; Doi Musso)
Atrophaneura polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 70, pl.6, figs.P13,♂,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Chiang Dao; Wiang Pa Pao)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai) (accessed: 2023.05.16)

[ LAOS ]
Papilio philoxenus f. polyeuctes ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 146. (Laos)
Papilio philoxenus f. polyeuctes ; Vitalis,1919 : 211. (Laos)
Papilio philoxenus f. polyeuctes ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 8. (Laos)
Byasa philoxenus polyeuctes ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 45, pl.2, figs.1♂,2♂(Un). (Nam Moh)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 200, pl.5, fig.♂. (Nong Het)
Atrophaneura polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Cotton & Racheli,[2007] : 332-333. (Lak Sao: Phou Chomvoy; Koun Kham)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Racheli & Cotton,2010 : 53-56, fig.♂,♂(Un). (Laos)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 41.
Byasa philoxenus polyeuctes ; Onodera,2022 : 4, pl.10, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Oudomxai; Xiengkhouang: Tha)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 113. (Pursat)

[ VIETNAM ]
Papilio philoxenus ; Fruhstorfer,1903 : 171. (S.Annam: Lang-Bian)
Papilio philoxenus polyeuctes ; Jordan,1908-1909 : 32. (Tonkin)
Papilio philoxenus f. polyeuctes ; Dubois & Vitalis,1914 : 146. (Tonkin / Annam)
Papilio philoxenus f. polyeuctes ; Vitalis,1919 : 211. (Tonkin / Annam)
Papilio philoxenus f. polyeuctes ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 8. (Tonkin / Annam)
Papilio philoxenus polyeuctes ; Metaye,1957 : 81. (N / C)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Shinkai,1999 : 49. (N: Tam Dao; Mt.Pia Oac / S: Bao Lac)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 7, figs.Pa-7,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Gung Re; Dai Duc Me)
Byasa polyeuctes ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Bach Ma)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Monastyrskii,2007 : 31-32, pl.5, figs.2a♂,2b♂,2c♂(Un). (N: Hoang Lien; Tam Dao; Pia Oac; Pu Luong / C: Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Bi Doup/Nui Ba; Hon Ba; Bao Loc; Col de Blao; Col du Da Troun)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Racheli & Cotton,2010 : 53-56. (Vietnam)
Byasa polyeuctes polyeuctes ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 11. (N / C)

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 12♂ 5♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 5♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 7♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Oudomxay : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Xaignabouri : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Bolikhamxai : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Champasak : 3♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

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May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 200 - 1800m). Both sexes visit flowers. Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.

Gray, G.R.,1831 : Description of eight new species of Indian butterflies, (Papilio, Lin.) from the collection of General Hardwicke.
In J. Gray, Zool. Miscell. 1:32-33.

Doubleday, E.,1842 : Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera.
In J. Gray, Zool. Miscell. 2:73-78, 1 cut.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1908 : Lepidopterologisches Pele-Mele. IV. Neue Papiliorassen.
Ent. Zeit. 22(18):72-73.

Tytler, H.C.,1912 : Notes on some new and interesting Butterflies from Manipur and the Naga Hills. Part 2.
J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 21(2):588-606, pl.B.

Ehrmann, G.A.,1920 : New exotic Papilios.
Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 15:21-22.

♂, Lampang, Thailand.	♂ with P.aristolochiae, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (right) with B.dasarada, Lampang, Thailand.	♂, Lampang, Thailand.
♂ with B.adamsoni, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ with B.adamsoni P.alcmenor, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1996.09.26 - 2023.05.31.