♂, Nan, Thailand.		♀, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Trat, Thailand.		♀, Trat, Thailand.

ON : Junonia ocyale Hübner, [1822] OD : Samml. exot. Schmett. 2: pl.[33], figs.1,♂, 2,♂(Un), 3,♀, 4,♀(Un). TL : "Coromandel Coast" [SE.India]. Distribution : Afghanistan, India to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, SE.Tibet, S.Yunnan. ● ssp.ocyale ● ssp.wallacei

[ THAILAND ]
Precis orithya ocyale ; Fruhstorfer,1912 : 522. (Siam)
Precis orithya ocyale ; Godfrey,1916 : 126.
Precis orithya ocyale ; Godfrey,1927 : 123. (N)
Precis orithya ocyale ; Godfrey,1930 : 272. (Prae: Me Song forest; Muak Lek; Chonburi: Sriracha; Kambengpet [Kamphaeng Phet])
Precis orithya magna ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 73. (Prayao: Me Tum forest; Lampang: Me Chang)
Precis orithya ocyale ; Pinratana,1979 : 25, figs.N35a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Loei; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Saraburi; Nonthaburi)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 33, pl.15, figs.38a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai; Nong Khai; Loei; Phisanulok; Nakhon Nayok; Nakhon Ratchasima; Kanchanaburi; Chonburi; Chanthaburi; Rayong; Saraburi; Petchaburi)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 25, fig.66,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Na Lak)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 69, fig.142,♂. (Umphang: Tha-Sai)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 370, pl.159, figs.N39a♂,♂(Un),♀. (Pak Chong)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 502, pl.223, figs.N387a♂,♂(Un),♀. (Pak Chong)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Phetchabun; Sa Kaeo; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2023.04.23)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 59, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Kradung; Bung Khan; Nakohn Nayork; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Bang Phra; Kao Chamaoh; Sai York Noi; Kaeng Krachan)

[ LAOS ]
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 55, pl.50, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un),5,♀,6,♀(Un). (Pakse; Nam Moh)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Osada, Uemura & Uehara,1999 : 205, pl.50, figs.♂,♀. (Xam Neua; Xiang Khouang)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 44.
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Onodera,2022 : 29, pl.97, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Xiengkhouang: Phonsavan; Houaphan: Xam Neua; Khammouan: Thakhek)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs,♀,♀(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Junonia orithya ; Onodera,2009 : 36. (Mondolkiri: Bousra)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Kosterin,2019 : 97. (Koh Kong)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Kosterin,2019b : 30. (Mondulkiri)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 119. (Kampong Chhnang; Kep; Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng; Tak)

[ VIETNAM ]
Junonia orithya ; Joannis,1901 : 321. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Precis orithya ocyale ; Fruhstorfer,1912 : 522. (Tonkin / Annam)
Precis ocyale ; Vitalis,1919 : 227. (Annam / Tonkin)
Precis orithya ; Lemée,1950 : 12. (Hagiang / Sontay)
Precis orithya orithya f.aest. orithya ; Metaye,1957 : 94. (N / C / S)
Precis orithya orithya f.hib. isocratia ; Metaye,1957 : 94. (N / C / S)
Precis orithya ocyale ; Metaye,1957 : 94. (N / C)
Junonia orithya ; Vu,2003 : 57. (Phu Quoc)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 17, figs.N-26,♂,♀,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 33. (N / C / S: to Lam Dong)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Saito et al.,2017 : 81. (S: Nui Cam)
Junonia orithya ocyale ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):125-126, pl.29, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un),1c♀. (N: Muong Nhe; Hoang Lien; Ba Be; Na Hang; Tam Dao; Ba Vi; Huu Lien; Cuc Phuong / C: Ben En; Kon Plong; Kon Ka Kinh; Bi Doup; Cat Tien; Da Teh; Yok Don / S: Cat Tien; Lo Go Xa Mat)

[ THAILAND ]
Chiang Mai : 4♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

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Oct

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Dec

Nan : 3♂ 1♀.

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Kanchanaburi : 1♂.

Jan

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Nakhon Nayok : 1♀ (photo by S.Sophonviwatkul).

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Chanthaburi : 4♀.

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Trat : 3♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

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[ LAOS ]
Phong Saly : 1♂.

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Houaphan : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).

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Xieng Khouang : 1♂ 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).

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Khammouan: 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).

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The butterfly is locally common in dry grass field, open land and secondary forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 10 - 900m). Both sexes visit flowers. Males are territorial on the ground.

Hübner, J.,[1819]-[1827] : Sammlung Exotischer Schmetterlinge.
Augsburg, Jacob Hübner. Vol. 2: [225] pls.

Butler, A.G.,1885 : On a collection of Lepidoptera made at Manipur and on the borders of Assam by Dr.George Watt.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5)16:298-310, 334-347, pl.8.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1906 : Verzeichnis der von Mir in Tonkin, Annam und Siam gesammelten Nymphaliden und Besprechung verwandter Formen.
Wien. ent. Ztg 25(10):307-362, 2 pls. (30.Oct.1906)

Fruhstorfer, H.,1912 : 6. Familie: Nymphalidae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
521-528. (21.May.1912)

Tsukada, E.,1985 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. IV Nymphalidae (1).
Plapac Co., Ltd. 558 pp. 158.col.pls.

Lang, S.Y.,2012 : The Nymphalidae of China (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) Part 1
Libytheinae, Danainae, Calinaginae, Morphinae, Heliconiinae, Nymphalinae, Charaxinae, Apaturinae, Cyrestinae, Biblidinae, Limenitinae
456 pp, 32 col. + 41 black&white pls. Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice.

♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by S.Sophonviwatkul)
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (territorial behavior), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2008.02.29 - 2024.08.31.