Arhopala phaenops sandakani

Arhopala phaenops sandakani Bethune-Baker, 1896


♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♀, Ranong, Thailand.

♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♂, Satun, Thailand.

ON : Arhopala sandakani Bethune-Baker, 1896
OD : in Druce, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1896(3): 670-671, pl.31, fig.2,♂.
TL : 'Sandakan, [Borneo]; Java' [Sandakan, Borneo]. (NHML)

Distribution : P.Thailand (South from Ranong), W.Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra.

Type Materials Information

Holotype ♂, Sandakan, Borneo. (NHML) ; Seki et al.,1991 : pl.37, figs.205(Up & Un).
Paratype ♀, Sandakan, Borneo. (NHML) ; Seki et al.,1991 : pl.37, figs.205(Up & Un).

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
'Arhopala phaenops sandakani ; Pinratana,1981 : 88. not fig. (Ranong)'
Arholapa phaenops ; Ek-Amnuay et al.,2007 : 5, fig.L240,♂,♂(Un). (Yala: Than To)
Arhopala phaenops sandakani ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 658, pl.299, figs.L264,♂,♂(Un). (Than To)
Arhopala phaenops sandakani ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 70, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Ka Chong; Thaleban; Than To WF.)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Ranong : 3♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Satun : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes

The butterfly is uncommon in montane forests at low elevations (Alt. 30 - 250m). The populations from P. Thailand, except Yala, appear to be different from the Malaysian population. Further taxonomic and distributional studies are needed.

Identification of the Arhopala alea subgroup within the Arhopala cleander group is extremely difficult, even by examination of specimens. It is essential to identify both the upper and under surfaces of the wings from the specimen. Although there are many field photos, most are either misidentified or unidentifiable and therefore cannot be used as records. A review of all species in this group by molecular analysis is required.

Literature

Bethune-Baker, G.T.,1896 : in Druce, Further Contributions to our knowledge of the Bornean Lycaenidae.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1896(3): 650-683, pls.29-31.

Evans, W.H.,1957 : A Revision of the Arhopala Group of Oriental Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera).
Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 5(3): 85-141.

Eliot, J.N.,1972 : Some Arhopala from Borneo, with a revision of the Arhopala cleander group.
J. nat. Hist. 6: 1-15.

Seki, Y.,1989 : A note on the alea subgroup (Arhopala cleander group) with a description of new subspecies.
The Nature and Insects 24(6): 10-14.

Seki, Y., Takanami, Y. & Otsuka, K.,1991 : in Otsuka (ed.), Butterflies of Borneo. Vol.2, No.1. Lycaenidae.
Tobishima Corporation.

1999.07.18 - 2023.09.30.