♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Phrae, Thailand.		♀, Sekong, Laos.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♂, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand.
♂ genitalia, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)

ON : Aphnaeus himalayanus Moore, 1884 OD : J. asiat. Soc. Bengal (Part II), 53(1): 26. TL : 'Nepal; Darjiling, [N.India]'. Distribution : Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S.China. ● ssp.himalayanus ● ssp.senama

Aphnaeus lohita batina Fruhstorfer, 1912; Berl. ent. Z. 56(3/4): 218; TL: "Süd-Annam" [S.Vitanam].
Aphnaeus lohita panasa Fruhstorfer, 1912; Berl. ent. Z. 56(3/4): 219; TL: "Chiem Hoa, Tonkin" [Chiem Hoa, Tuyen Quang, N.Vietnam].

[ THAILAND ]
Aphnaeus lohita: Godfrey,1916 : 138. (Pak Jong; Bangkok)
Spindasis lohita batina: Godfrey,1927 : 126. (N)
Spindasis lohita batina: Godfrey,1930 : 341. (Chiang Mai; Pak Jong; Bangkok)
Spindasis lohita himalayana: Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 79–80. (Nan; Prayao [Phayao])
Spindasis lohita lazularia: Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 80. (Lampang: Me Htam forest)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Pinratana,1981 : 112, pl.20, figs.7,♂(Un),8,♂. (Chaiyaphum; Kao Yai)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 37, fig.112,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 55. (Mukdahan: Phu Huai Sing; Ban Lao Kram; Phu Hin Khan; Phu Ma No Rom; Phu Huai Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Warin Chamrap; Kaen Tana; Nam Tok Soi Sawan)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 67, fig.90,♂. (Umphang: Tha Sai; Umphang)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 596, pl.269, figs.L176a♂,♂(Un),♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus: Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 624, pl.282, figs.L201a♂(left),♂(Un,left). (partim)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Kimura et al.,2014 : 147, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Sophonviwatkul et al.,2015– : Butterflies of Thailand, figs, Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Phetchabun; Sukhothai; Sa Kaeo; Nakhon Ratchasima; Rayong; Saraburi; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2023.05.31)
Spindasis lohita: Chueamueangphan et al.,2025 : 208. (Phayao: Mae Puem N.P.)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus: Nishimura,2026 : 39, figs.68,♂,68v♂(Un). (Mae Hong Son: Kung Mai Sak; Na Pu Pon)

[ LAOS ]
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Motono & Negishi,1989 : 75, pl.106, figs.B1,♂,B2,♂(Un). (Tha Ngone; Luang Prabang; Phatong)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Osada et al.,1999 : 218, pl.122, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Xam Neua; Lak Sao; Xaignabouri; Thateng)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 47. (Namdhua; Thakhek; Laksao)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 53.
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Onodera,2022 : 91, pl.222, figs.♂(ab.),♂(ab.,Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Pakxan; Khammouan: Beung Hua Na; Xiengkhouang: Phon Kham)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus: Kosterin,2019 : 92, figs.28,♀,29(Un),30(Un). (Koh Kong)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus: Kosterin,2020 : 320. (Siem Reap; Preah Vihear; Stueng Treng)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 122. (Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Phnom Penh; Preah Sihanouk; Preah Vihear; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng; Takeo)

[ VIETNAM ]
Aphnaeus lohita panasa: Seitz,1923 : 937. (Tonkin: Chiem Hoa)
Aphnaeus lohita batina: Seitz,1923 : 937. (S.Annam: Bai Miu Is.)
Aphnaeus lohita: Lemée,1950 : 20. (Sontay; Backan)
Aphnaeus lohita panasa: Metaye,1957 : 89. (N)
Aphnaeus lohita batina: Metaye,1957 : 89. (C)
Aphnaeus lohita batina: Metaye,1958b : 175. (Ben Nom, Dong Nai)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Ikeda et al.,2001 : 51, figs.4:14,♂,15,♂(Un),16,♀,7:34(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Spindasis lohita: Vu,2003 : 58. (Phu Quoc)
Spindasis lohita batina: Luong et al.,2004 : 10, 77, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Spindasis lohita: Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 43. (Thua Thien Hue: A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Spindasis lohita batina: Miyazaki et al.,2006d : 64, figs.L-103,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Cigaritis lohita panasa: Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 55. (N: Tuyen Quang; Ninh Binh)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus: Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 56. (C; S)
Spindasis lohita batina: Saito et al.,2017 : 79. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Ket)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus: Saito et al.,2021 : 466. (Phu Quoc)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 9♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 2♂ 2♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Prachuap Khiri Khan : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Sekong : 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Ha Giang : 8♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

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Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Vinh Phuc : 1♂.

Jan

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Dec

The butterfly is locally common in forests at low to moderate elevations (150–900 m a.s.l.). Both sexes visit flowers and males are occasionally observed mud-puddling along stream banks and at puddles. Males are territorial on undergrowth at forest edges in the early morning before dawn and in the evening from 16:30 until sunset.
This taxon has highly individual variation. I consider both taxa batina and panasa to be part of the variation of himalayanus.

Moore, F, 1884. Descriptions of some New Asiatic Lepidoptera; chiefly from Specimens contained in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
Journal of the asiatic Society of Bengal (Part II), 53(1): 16–52.

Fruhstorfer, H, 1912. Uebersicht der Lycaeniden des Indo-Australischen Gebiets. Begründet auf die Ausbeute und die Sammlung des Autors.
Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 56(3/4): 197–272, 4 figs. (Apr.1912)

Seitz, A, 1923. 8. Familie: Lycaenidae. In: Seitz, A. (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.
Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, 9: 937–944. (23.May.1923)

Zhang, J, Cong, Q, Shen, J, Song, L. & Grishin, N.V, 2023. Butterfly classification and species discovery using genomics.
The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey, 11(3): 1–93.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.

1999.07.18 - 2026.03.31.