♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Phrae, Thailand.		♀, Sekong, Laos.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♂, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand.
♂ genitalia, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂ genitalia, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)

ON : Aphnaeus himalayanus Moore,1884 OD : J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt.2. 53(1):26. TL : Nepal ; Darjiling. Distribution : Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, S.China. ● ssp.himalayanus ● ssp.senama

Aphnaeus lohita batina Fruhstorfer,[1912] : Berl. ent. Z. 56(3/4):218. TL. S.Annam.
Aphnaeus lohita panasa Fruhstorfer,[1912] : Berl. ent. Z. 56(3/4):219. TL. Chiem Hoa, Tonkin.

[ THAILAND ]
Aphnaeus lohita ; Godfrey,1916 : 138. (Pak Jong; Bangkok)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Godfrey,1927 : 126. (N)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Godfrey,1930 : 341. (Chiang Mai; Pak Jong; Bangkok)
Spindasis lohita himalayana ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 79-80. (Nan; Prayao [Phayao])
Spindasis lohita lazularia ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 80. (Lampang: Me Htam forest)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Pinratana,1981 : 112, pl.20, figs.7,♂(Un),8,♂. (Chaiyaphum; Kao Yai)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 37, fig.112,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 55. (Mukdahan: Phu Huai Sing; Ban Lao Kram; Phu Hin Khan; Phu Ma No Rom; Phu Huai Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Warin Chamrap; Kaen Tana; Nam Tok Soi Sawan)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 67, fig.90,♂. (Umphang: Tha Sai; Umphang)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 596, pl.269, figs.L176a♂,♂(Un),♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 624, pl.282, figs.L201a♂(left),♂(Un,left). (in part)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 147, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Wan Nam Khiewo)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs, Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Sukhothai; Nakhon Ratchasima; Sa Kaeo; Rayong; Saraburi; Chanthaburi) (accessed: 2021.10.04)

[ LAOS ]
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 75, pl.106, figs.B1,♂,B2,♂(Un). (Tha Ngone; Luang Prabang; Phatong)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 218, pl.122, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Xam Neua; Lak Sao; Xaignabouri; Thateng)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 47. (Namdhua; Thakhek; Laksao)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 53.

[ VIETNAM ]
Aphnaeus lohita panasa ; Seitz,1924-1927 : 937. (Tonkin: Chiem Hoa)
Aphnaeus lohita batina ; Seitz,1924-1927 : 937. (S.Annam: Bai Miu Is.)
Aphnaeus lohita ; Lemée,1950 : 20. (Sontay; Backan)
Aphnaeus lohita panasa ; Metaye,1957 : 89. (N)
Aphnaeus lohita batina ; Metaye,1957 : 89. (C)
Aphnaeus lohita batina ; Metaye,1958b : 175. (Ben Nom, Dong Nai)
Spindasis lohita himalayanus ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 51, figs.4:14,♂,15,♂(Un),16,♀,7:34(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Spindasis lohita ; Vu,2003 : 58. (Phu Quoc)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Luong et al.,2004 : 10, 77, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Spindasis lohita ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 43. (Thua Thien Hue: A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,[2007] : 64, figs.L-103,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Cigaritis lohita panasa ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 55. (N: Tuyen Quang; Ninh Binh)
Cigaritis lohita himalayanus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 56. (C / S)
Spindasis lohita batina ; Saito et al.,2017 ; 79. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Ket)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 9♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 2♂ 2♀ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Prachuap Khiri Khan : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Sekong : 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Ha Giang : 8♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Vinh Phuc : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is locally common in montane and secondary forest at low to moderate elevations (Alt.150m - 900m). Male makes a territory at open place around forest edge at early morning before dawn and evening about 4:30 p.m. to sunset.
The species has highly individual variation. I consider both taxa batina and panasa to be part of the variation of himalayanus.

Moore, F.,1884 : Descriptions of some New Asiatic Lepidoptera; chiefly from Specimens contained in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt.2. 53(1):16-52.

Fruhstorfer, H.,[1912] :
Uebersicht der Lycaeniden des Indo-Australischen Gebiets. Begrundet auf die Ausbeute und die Sammlung des Autors.
Berl. ent. Z. 56(3/4):197-272, 4 figs.

Balint, Zs., A.Heath, G.Katona, K.Kertesz & Sz.Safian,2017 : Male secondary sexual characters in Aphnaeinae wings (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Opusc. Zool. Budapest 48(1):27-34.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.

1999.07.18 - 2021.10.31.