Nacaduba pactolus continentalis
Fruhstorfer, 1916
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♂, Tak, Thailand. |
♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
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♂, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. |
♀, Ranong, Thailand. |
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♂, Yala, Thailand. |
♀, Yala, Thailand. |
ON :
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis Fruhstorfer, 1916
OD : Zool. Meded. 2(14):114.
TL : 'Sikkim, [N.India]; Bhutan; Assam, [India]; "Birma" [Myanmar]'.
Distribution : Nepal, S.India, Bhutan, Sikkim, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Yunnan.
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Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Godfrey,1930 : 321. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chiang Rai: Phar Mieng)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Pinratana,1981 : 61, pl.10, figs.10,♂,11,♀(Un). (Chanthaburi; Chiang Mai; Nakhon Ratchasima; Tak)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 54, fig.26,♂. (Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Pung)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 580, pl.262, figs.L129,♂,♂(Un). (in part)
Nacaduba pendleburyi pendleburyi ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 580, pl.263, figs.L130,♀,♀(Un). (Ranong)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.[♂](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2021.05.12)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 602, pl.273, figs.L154,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Trat; Ranong)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 157, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Thung Saleng Luang; Phu Khiewo; Nakohn Nayok; Kao Soi Dao; Kratchin WF; Doi Musso)
Nacaduba pactolus odon ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 157, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khlong Naka; Ka Chong; Than To WF.)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Sa Kaeo; Ratchaburi) (accessed: 2021.05.08)
[ LAOS ]
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 72, pl.103, figs.A3,♂,A4,♂(Un),A5,♀,A6,♀(Un). (Nam Moh; Nam Tan; Tha Ngone; Luang Prabang)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 215, pl.111, fig.♂(Un). (Lak Sao)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 52.
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Onodera,2022 : 81, pl.211, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khammouan: Nahin; Ban Lao)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 121, fig.4E,♂(Un). (Koh Kong)
[ VIETNAM ]
Nacaduba pactolus ; Metaye,1957 : 90. (no loc.)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006d : 56, fig.L-50,♀. (Lam Dong: Gung Re)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Miyazaki et al.,2010 : 25, fig.L-50,♂. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Gung Re)
Nacaduba pactolus continentalis ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 53. (C / S)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♀.
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai : 12♂ 5♀ (incl. photo).
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 7♂.
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Kanchanaburi : 1♂.
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 1♂ (photo).
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 1♂.
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chanthaburi : 3♂ 2♀.
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Ranong : 2♀.
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂.
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Yala : 4♂ 1♀ (incl. photo by S.Atdhabhan).
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 100 - 1000m).
Males are territorial on trees at hilltops and frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
Kimura et al. (2014) treated the population from peninsular Thailand as ssp.odon, but I could not find any differences from the continental population.
Therefore, I consider all populations from Thailand to be ssp.continentalis.
Literature
Fruhstorfer, H.,1916 : Revision der Gattung Nacaduba auf Grund der Morphologie der Generationsorgane.
Zool. Meded. 2(14):103-140, pl.4-5. (30.Aug.1916)
Tite, G.E.,1963 : A Synonymic List of the Genus Nacaduba and Allied Genera (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).
Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 13(4):69-116, 91 tf, 2 pls. London.
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. |
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♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan) |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.