♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.		♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂, Phrae, Thailand.		♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂, Narathiwat, Thailand.		♀, Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.), Thailand.

ON : Pithecops zalmora Butler, [1870] OD : Cat. diurn. Lep. Fabricius Br. Mus.: 161. TL : not stated. [Mawlamyine, Mon State, Myanmar]. (NHML) Distribution : NW.India, Nepal to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, S.China, Taiwan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Tioman, Aur, Singapore, Sumatra, Batu, Nias, Bangka, Borneo, Philippines. [Java]

Pithecops nihana Moore, 1878 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):702. TL. Hainan. (NHML)
Neopithecops horsfieldi Distant, 1884 : Rhop. malayana: 210, pl.22, fig.15. TL. 'Malay Peninsula; Singapore' [Singapore].
Pithecops zalmora fedora Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1): 83. TL. "Formosa" [Taiwan]. (NHML)
Pithecops zalmora dolona Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1): 83. TL. 'Süd-China, Hongkong' [Hong Kong].
Pithecops zalmora colutha Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1): 84. TL. 'Luzon; Palawan' [Palawan]. (NHML)
Neopithecops zalmora batuana Riley, 1944 : Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 94(2): 256. TL. Batu Is.; Pulau Tello. (NHML)

zalmora  ; Holotype ♀, Moulmein, Burma. (NHML)
nihana  ; Lectotype ♂, Hainan. designated by Eliot & Kawazoé,1983. (NHML)
horsfieldi  ; Holotype ♂, Singapore.
dolona  ; Lectotype ♂, Hong kong. designated by Eliot & Kawazoé,1983.
fedora  ; Lectotype ♂, Taiwan. designated by Eliot & Kawazoé,1983. (NHML)
colutha  ; Lectotype ♂, Palawan, Philippines. designated by Eliot & Kawazoé,1983. (NHML)
batuana  ; Holotype ♂, Batu Is. : Pulau Tello. (NHML)

[ THAILAND ]
Neopithecops zalmora ; Godfrey,1916 : 135. (Muak Lek; Pak Jong)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Pendlebury,1923 : 44. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Khao Ram; Khao Luang)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Godfrey,1930 : 314. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chieng Rai; Muak Lek; Nakon Sri Thammarat)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Godfrey,1932a : 271. (P)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Kawazoé,1964 : 151, pl.8, fig.55,♂,Textfig.19,♂genitalia. (N: Chieng Mai; P: Khao Chong)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Pinratana,1981 : 48, 164, pl.7, figs.18,♂,19,♀(dsf),20,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Nayok; Ranong; Satun; Trang)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 257, fig.176,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 34. (Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Chong Na Yoi; Kaeng E-Keow)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 561, pl.254, figs.L81,♂(Malaysia),♂(Un,Malaysia),♂(dsf),♀(dsf). (Doi Inthanon; Wiang Pa Pao)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Les Day,2011–2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.[♂](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2020.11.27)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 580, pl.263, figs.L106,♂,♂(Un),♂(dsf),♀(dsf). (Doi Inthanon; Wiang Pa Pao)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 193, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Nakohn Nayok; Wan Nam Khewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kao Khiewo; Kaeng Krachan; Tenasserim; Muang Shone; Kao Poh Ta; Khlong Naka; Ka Chong; Satun; Thaleban; Sonkhla; Than To WF.)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Sophonviwatkul et al.,2015– : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Chanthaburi; Trat; Ranong; Yala) (accessed: 2023.09.18)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; K. Chaianunporn & T. Chaianunporn,2019 : 85. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
Pithecops corvus corvus ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : figs.Abb.L-105-106. (Phang Nga) (partim)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 149, figs.Abb.L-110-113. (Phang Nga)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Nishimura,2026 : 42, figs.107,♀,107v♀(Un). (Mae Hong Son: Kung Mai Sak)

[ LAOS ]
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 70, pl.100, figs.A11,♂[♀],A12,♀(Un). (Tha Ngone; Luang Prabang)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Osada et al.,1999 : 215, pl.109, fig.♂(Un). (Nhahin)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 46. (Namdhua; Thakhek)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Onodera,2009b : 43. (Bolikhamxai: Phon Si)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 51.
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Onodera,2022 : 77, pl.208, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khammouan: Natung; Nahin)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Shirôzu & Saigusa,1962 : 83, pl.15, figs.117,♀,118,♀(Un). (Puok)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Onodera,2007 : 23,25, fig.79,♂. (Rattanakiri: Veun Sai; Ou Chum)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Onodera,2009 : 40. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 130. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Kosterin,2020 : 322. (Siem Reap; Preah Vihear)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 120. (Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Pursat; Preah Vihear; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Pithecops zalmora gaura ; Fruhstorfer,1915-1924 : 880. (S.Annam)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Godfrey,1919 : 469. (S: Daban)
Pithecops zalmora ; Lemée,1950 : 19. (Hanoi)
Pithecops zalmora zalmora ; Metaye,1957 : 91. (no loc.)
Pithecops zalmora zalmora f.hib.gaura ; Metaye,1957 : 91. (no loc.)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.2:3,♂,4,♂(Un),5,♀,6:10(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Vu,2003 : 58. (Phu Quoc)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Luong et al.,2004 : 9, 75, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Miyazaki et al.,2006d : 52, figs.L-24,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri ; Madagui; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Nihira,2009 : 101. (Phu Quoc)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 50. (N / C / S)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Saito et al.,2017 : 80. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Coto)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Saito et al.,2021 : 465. (Phu Quoc)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 7♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 4♂ (photo).

Jan

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Phrae : 3♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

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Nan : 1♂.

Jan

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Kanchanaburi : 1♀.

Jan

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Chaiyaphum : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

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Oct

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Chanthaburi : 1♂ 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

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May

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Oct

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Ranong : 6♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

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Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.) : 1♀.

Jan

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Trang : 1♂.

Jan

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Yala : 6♂ (incl. photo by S.Atdhabhan).

Jan

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Narathiwat : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

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[ LAOS ]
Champasak : 1♂.

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The butterfly is not uncommon in forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 100 - 700m). Both sexes visit flowers and males are frequently observed mud-puddling along stream banks and at puddles.
Some examples from Mae Hong Son, both males and females, tend to have a wider white patch on the upper side of both wings, especially in the dry season.

I have observed Neopithecops zalmora ♂ courting Acytolepis puspa ♂. The Neopithecops zalmora ♂ persistently courted the Acytolepis puspa ♂ and, incredibly, tried to mate with it. Eventually Acytolepis puspa ♂ flew away.

Butler, A.G.,[1870] : Catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the collection of the British Museum.
British Museum, Londln: v + 303 pp, 3 pls.

Moore, F.,1878 : List of Lepidopterous Insects collected by the late R.Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3): 695-708.

Distant, W.L.,1882-1886 : Rhopalocera Malayana : a Description of the Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula.
London, Author, Penang, Logan. xvi + 482 + [4] pp, 46 pls.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1919 : Revision der Artengruppe Pithecops auf Grund der Morphologie der Klammerorgane.
Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1): 77-84, 4 figs. (Feb.1919)

Riley, N.D.,1944 : Spolia Mentawiensia: Rhopalocera, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae.
Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 94(2): 247-271, pls.1,2.

♂, Phrae, Thailand.

Interspecies courtship behaviour, Neopithecops zalmora ♂ and Acytolepis puspa ♂
Neopithecops zalmora ♂ is courting ♂ of Acytolepis puspa, Nan, Thailand.
Neopithecops zalmora ♂ is courting ♂ of Acytolepis puspa, Nan, Thailand.

1999.06.25 - 2026.03.31.