♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.		♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂, Phrae, Thailand.		♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂, Narathiwat, Thailand.		♀, Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.), Thailand.

ON : Pithecops zalmora Butler, [1870] OD : Cat. diurn. Lep. Fabricius Br. Mus. : 161. TL : not stated. [Mawlamyine, Myanmar]. (NHML) Distribution : NW.India, Nepal to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, S.China, Taiwan, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Tioman, Aur, Singapore, Sumatra, Batu, Nias, Bangka, Borneo, Philippines. [Java]

Pithecops nihana Moore, 1878 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):702. TL. Hainan. (NHML)
Neopithecops horsfieldi Distant, 1884 : Rhop. malayana : 210, pl.22, fig.15. TL. 'Malay Peninsula; Singapore' [Singapore].
Pithecops zalmora fedora Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):83. TL. "Formosa" [Taiwan]. (NHML)
Pithecops zalmora dolona Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):83. TL. 'Süd-China, Hongkong' [Hong Kong].
Pithecops zalmora colutha Fruhstorfer, 1919 : Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):84. TL. 'Luzon; Palawan' [Palawan]. (NHML)
Neopithecops zalmora batuana Riley, 1944 : Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 94(2):256. TL. Batu Is.: Pulau Tello. (NHML)

zalmora  ; Holotype ♀, Moulmein, Burma. (NHML)
nihana  ; Lectotype ♂, Hainan. designated by Eliot & Kawazoé,1983. (NHML)
horsfieldi  ; Holotype ♂, Singapore.
dolona  ; Lectotype ♂, Hong kong. designated by Eliot & Kawazoé,1983.
fedora  ; Lectotype ♂, Taiwan. designated by Eliot & Kawazoé,1983. (NHML)
colutha  ; Lectotype ♂, Palawan, Philippines. designated by Eliot & Kawazoé,1983. (NHML)
batuana  ; Holotype ♂, Batu Is. : Pulau Tello. (NHML)

[ THAILAND ]
Neopithecops zalmora ; Godfrey,1916 : 135. (Muak Lek; Pak Jong)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Pendlebury,1923 : 44. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Khao Ram; Khao Luang)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Godfrey,1930 : 314. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chieng Rai; Muak Lek; Nakon Sri Thammarat)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Godfrey,1932a : 271. (P)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Kawazoé,1964 : 151, pl.8, fig.55,♂,Textfig.19,♂genitalia. (N: Chieng Mai; P: Khao Chong)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Pinratana,1981 : 48, 164, pl.7, figs.18,♂,19,♀(dsf),20,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Nayok; Ranong; Satun; Trang)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 257, fig.176,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Mu)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 34. (Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Chong Na Yoi; Kaeng E-Keow)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 561, pl.254, figs.L81,♂(Malaysia),♂(Un,Malaysia),♂(dsf),♀(dsf). (Doi Inthanon; Wiang Pa Pao)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.[♂](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2020.11.27)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 580, pl.263, figs.L106,♂,♂(Un),♂(dsf),♀(dsf). (Doi Inthanon; Wiang Pa Pao)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 193, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Nakohn Nayok; Wan Nam Khewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kao Khiewo; Kaeng Krachan; Tenasserim; Muang Shone; Kao Poh Ta; Khlong Naka; Ka Chong; Satun; Thaleban; Sonkhla; Than To WF.)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Chanthaburi; Trat; Ranong; Yala) (accessed: 2023.09.18)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 85. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
Pithecops corvus corvus ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : figs.Abb.L-105-106. (Phang Nga) (in part)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 149, figs.Abb.L-110-113. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 70, pl.100, figs.A11,♂[♀],A12,♀(Un). (Tha Ngone; Luang Prabang)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 215, pl.109, fig.♂(Un). (Nhahin)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 46. (Namdhua; Thakhek)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Onodera,2009b : 43. (Bolikhamxai: Phon Si)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 51.
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Onodera,2022 : 77, pl.208, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khammouan: Natung; Nahin)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Shirôzu & Saigusa,1962 : 83, pl.15, figs.117,♀,118,♀(Un). (Puok)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Onodera,2007 : 23,25, fig.79,♂. (Rattanakiri: Veun Sai; Ou Chum)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Onodera,2009 : 40. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 130. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Kosterin,2020 : 322. (Siem Reap; Preah Vihear)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 120. (Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Pursat; Preah Vihear; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Pithecops zalmora gaura ; Fruhstorfer,1915-1924 : 880. (S.Annam)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Godfrey,1919 : 469. (S: Daban)
Pithecops zalmora ; Lemée,1950 : 19. (Hanoi)
Pithecops zalmora zalmora ; Metaye,1957 : 91. (no loc.)
Pithecops zalmora zalmora f.hib.gaura ; Metaye,1957 : 91. (no loc.)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Ikeda et al.,2001 : 48, figs.2:3,♂,4,♂(Un),5,♀,6:10(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Neopithecops zalmora ; Vu,2003 : 58. (Phu Quoc)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Luong et al.,2004 : 9, 75, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006d : 52, figs.L-24,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri ; Madagui; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Nihira,2009 : 101. (Phu Quoc)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 50. (N / C / S)
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora ; Saito et al.,2017 : 80. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Coto)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 6♂ 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 4♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

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Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phrae : 3♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Kanchanaburi : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chaiyaphum : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 1♂ 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 6♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Surat Thani (Koh Phangan dist.) : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trang : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

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Yala : 6♂ (incl. photo by S.Atdhabhan).

Jan

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May

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Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Narathiwat : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Champasak : 1♂.

Jan

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Jul

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Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is not rare in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 100 - 700m). Both sexes visit flowers and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
Some examples from Mae Hong Son, both males and females, tend to have a wider white patch on the upper side of both wings, especially in the dry season.

I have observed Neopithecops zalmora ♂ courting Acytolepis puspa ♂. The Neopithecops zalmora ♂ persistently courted the Acytolepis puspa ♂ and, incredibly, tried to mate with it. Eventually Acytolepis puspa ♂ flew away.

Butler, A.G.,[1870] : Catalogueof diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the collection of the British Museum.
British Museum, Londln : v + 303pp, 3 pls.

Moore, F.,1878 : List of Lepidopterous Insects collected by the late R.Swinhoe in the Island of Hainan.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878(3):695-708.

Distant, W.L.,1882-1886 : Rhopalocera Malayana : a Description of the Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula.
London, Author, Penang, Logan : xvi+482+[4]pp, 46 pls.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1919 : Revision der Artengruppe Pithecops auf Grund der Morphologie der Klammerorgane.
Arch. Naturgesch. (A)83(1):77-84, 4 figs. (Feb.1919)

Riley, N.D.,1944 : Spolia Mentawiensia: Rhopalocera, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae.
Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 94(2):247-271, pls.1,2.

♂, Phrae, Thailand.

Interspecies courtship behavior, Neopithecops zalmora ♂ and Acytolepis puspa ♂
Neopithecops zalmora ♂ is courting ♂ of Acytolepis puspa, Nan, Thailand.
Neopithecops zalmora ♂ is courting ♂ of Acytolepis puspa, Nan, Thailand.

1999.06.25 - 2024.11.30.