Gangara lebadea lebadea

Gangara lebadea lebadea (Hewitson, 1868)


♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. (photo by E.Ikari)		♀, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. (photo by S.Sophonviwatkul)

♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici)		♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.

ON : Hesperia lebadea Hewitson, 1868
OD : Ill. exot. Butts. 4(67): [109], pl.[58], figs.22, 23.
TL : Borneo. (NHML)

Distribution : Sikkim, Assam, Myanmar (Kayah State), Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, W.Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bawean, Bali, Palawan.

Synonym

Paduka glandulosa Distant, 1886 : Rhop. malayana: 376, pl.35, fig.5,♂. TL. 'Malay Peninsula; Singapore'.

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Pinratana,1985 : 87, pl.29, fig.189,♀[♂]. (Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 808, pl.371, figs.H221,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Nakhon Nayok)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 85, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Nakohn Nayok; Kratching WF; Kam Puan)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 868, pl.401, figs.H219,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Nakhon Nayok)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Nakhon Ratchasima; Nakhon Nayok; Trat; Nakhon Si Thammarat; Yala) (accessed: 2024.06.18)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 113. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 224, pl.141, fig.♂. (Oudomxay)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 59.

[ CAMBODIA ]
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Kosterin,2019 : 99, fig.63,♂(Un). (Koh Kong)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 126. (Koh Kong)

[ VIETNAM ]
Paduca lebadea glandulosa ; Seitz,1927 : 1098. (Tonkin)
Paduca lebadea glandulosa ; Metaye,1957 : 80. (N)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,1999 : 172. (by literature)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,2002 : 150. (Quang Tri: Dak Rong)
Gangara lebadea lebadea ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 81. (N / C)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Nakhon Nayok : 1♀ (photo by S.Sophonviwatkul).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Chanthaburi : 3♂ (incl. photo by A.Giudici).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂ (photo by A.Giudici).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Yala : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes

The butterfly is uncommon in montane forests at low elevations (Alt. 30 - 400m). A male flew into a light trap after sunset, according to Antonio Giudici.
The photos of larva and pupa shown as Gangara lebadea in Igarashi & Fukuda (2000: pl.395) are incorrect. They are actually Cerba martinii.

Literature

Hewitson, W.C.,1868 : Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies, selected chiefly from the Collections of W.Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson.
4(67): [1-2], [63-64], [109-110], pls. [1], [35], [58] ([6].Jul.1868), London, John Van Voorst.

Distant, W.L.,1882-1886 : Rhopalocera Malayana : a Description of the Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula.
London, Author, Penang, Logan: xvi + 482 + [4] pp, 46 pls.

Evans, W.H.,1949 : A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History).
i-xix + 1-502, pls.1-35. London.

Igarashi, S. & Fukuda, H.,2000 : The life histories of Asian Butterflies vol.2
711 pp, 426 pls. Tokai University Press.


♂, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici)	♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici)

1999.09.11 - 2025.01.31.