Halpe zema zema (Hewitson, 1877)
Halpe zema zema ♂ Up. Halpe zema zema ♂ Un. Halpe zema zema ♀ Up. Halpe zema zema ♀ Un.
♂, Tak, Thailand. ♀, Tak, Thailand.
Halpe zema zema ♂ Up. Halpe zema zema ♂ Un. Halpe zema zema ♂ Up. Halpe zema zema ♂ Un.
♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand. ♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
Halpe zema zema ♂ genitalia Halpe zema zema ♂ genitalia
♂ genitalia, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.

ON : Hesperia zema Hewitson, 1877
OD : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)19: 77.
TL : 'Darjeeling, [W.Bengal, India]; Sarawak, [Borneo]' [Sikkim]. (NHML)
Distribution : Sikkim, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
● ssp.zema
● ssp.zamba
Halpe zema zema map
Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Halpe zema zema ; Godfrey,1930 : 380. (Prae: Me Song forest; Klong Pong Kapo)
Halpe zema ormenes ; Shirôzu & Saigusa,1962 : 32-33, pl.1, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un), Textfig.5,♂genitalia. (Mae Hoi)
Halpe zema zema ; Pinratana,1985 : 53, pl.18, fig.96,♂. (no loc.)
'Halpe zema zema ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 776, pl.356, figs.H120,♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai)'
Halpe zema zema ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 55. (by literature)
'Halpe ormenes vilasina ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 828, pl.382, figs.H115,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok)'

[ LAOS ]
Halpe zema zema ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 223, pl.138, fig.♂(Un). (Xaignabouri)
Halpe zema zema ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 58.
Halpe zema zema ; Onodera,2022 : 111, pl.248, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Phongsali: Muang Mai)

[ VIETNAM ]
Halpe zema ormenes ; Inoué & Kawazoé,1966 ; 94, fig.87,♀(Un). (Banmethuot; Trang Bom)
Halpe zema zema ; Devyatkin & Monastyrskii,1999 : 165. (Na Hang; Ba Be)
Halpe zema zema ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 77. (N: Bac Can, Tuyen Quang)

Specimens Examined

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 9♂ (9♂ genitalia dissected).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Chiang Mai : 3♂ (3♂ genitalia examined).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Phrae : 1♂ (genitalia examined).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Tak : 1♂ 2♀. (1♂ genitalia examined).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Kanchanaburi : 1♂ (genitalia examined).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec


[ LAOS ]
Oudomxai : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Bolikhamxai : 1♂ (photo by H.Onodera).
JanFebMarAprMayJun JulAugSepOctNovDec

Notes

The butterfly is locally not rare in montane forests at moderate elevations (Alt. 500 - 700m). Males occasionally come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
This species is distinguishable from allied species, especially Halpe zola, by only examination of male genitalia.

Literature

Hewitson, W.C.,1877 : Descriptions of twenty-five new species of Hesperidae.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4)19: 76-85.

Evans, W.H.,1949 : A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History).
i-xix + 1-502, pls.1-35. London.

1999.09.04 - 2025.01.31.
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.