♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.

ON : Papilio mulciber Cramer, 1777 OD : Uitl. Kapellen 2(9-16):45, pl.127, figs.C♂,D♂(Un). TL : 'China ; Coromandel'. Distribution : W.Himalaya to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Tioman, Singapore.

Papilio claudius Fabricius, 1787 : Mant. Ins. 2:25. TL. Tranquebaria.
Trepsichrois linnaei Moore, 1883 : Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883(3):286, pl.29, fig.4,♀ ; pl.30, fig.1,♂. TL. N.W. & E.Himalayas ; Khassia; British Burma ; Malay peninsula ; Penang ; Sumatra ; Siam ; Formosa.
Euploea mulciber var.duarseri de Rhe-Philipe, 1911 : J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 20:754-755. TL. Sikkim.

[ THAILAND ]
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 250. (Siam)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Godfrey,1916 : 120.
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Pendlebury,1923 : 31. (Nakhon Sri Thammarat: Tai Sai River; Khao Ram; Khao Luang)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Godfrey,1927 : 121. (N)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Godfrey,1930 : 241. (all over)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Godfrey,1931 : 194. (Ko Tao)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Godfrey,1932a : 266. (P)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Pinratana,1977 : 86, figs.D30,♂,♀. (all over)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Pinratana & Eliot,1992 : 68,73, pl.86, figs.29,♂,♀,Gynandromorph. (Chanthaburi; Nakhon Nayok; Ratchaburi)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 253, fig.65,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Sa Duak Bua; Phu Mu)
Euploae mulciber mulciber ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 21. (Mukdahan: Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum; Ubon Ratchathani: Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Phu Hin Dang)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 47-48. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Hin Khan)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 67, fig.105,♂. (Umphang: Tha Sai; Umphang)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 48, fig.76,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon; Nan)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 210, pl.77, figs.D29,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Chiang Mai; Wang Chin; Nakhon Nayok)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Koh Samui; Koh Phangan) (accessed: 2023.03.24)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 210, pl.77, figs.N30,♂,♂(Un),♀. (Chiang Mai; Wang Chin; Nakhon Nayok)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs., Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Phetchabun; Sa Kaeo; Chanthaburi; Trat; Ratchaburi; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.04.27)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 39, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiewo; Kao Yai; Nakohn Nayork; Kao Soi Dao; Kratching WF; Kuwai Yai; Kaeng Krachang; Satul)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 236-237, figs.Abb.Da-135-140,046-049,200-212. (Phang Nga)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 86. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)

[ LAOS ]
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 53, col.pl.12 ; pl.37, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un),3,♀,4,♀(Un). (Luang Prabang; Pakse; Nam Moh; Ban Houei Sai; Vientiane; Nam Ngum Dam)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 204, pl.43, figs.♂,♀. (Lak Sao; Xaignabouri)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Onodera,2009b : 35,38. (Xieng Kouang: Muang Kham; Houaphan: Phu Phan)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 43.
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Onodera,2022 : 23, pl.81, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Vientiane: Vang Vieng; Xiengkhouang: Tha)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Euploea mulciber ; Onodera,2007 : 25, fig.25,♂. (Rattanakiri: Poy; Ou Chum; Siem Reap: Phnum Kuhlen)
Euploea mulciber ; Onodera,2008 : 57. Mondolkiri: Bousra.
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Kosterin,2019 : 95. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Kosterin,2019b : 30. (Ratanakiri; Mondulkiri)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Kosterin,2020 : 325. (Siem Reap)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 115. (Kep; Koh Kong; Kampong Speu; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Threpsichrois linnaei ; Joannis,1901 : 316. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 250. (Tonkin)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Godfrey,1919 : 465. (S: Daban)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Moulton,1923 : 128. (Pulo Condore)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Metaye,1957 : 101. (N / C / S)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Metaye,1958a : 165, pl.3, figs.1,♂,2,♀. (all over)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Morishita,1970 : 69, figs.24,♂♀. (Cholon; Bolba)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Ikeda et al.,1999 : 53, figs.3:6,♂,7,♂(Un),8,♀,9:12(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Euploea mulciber ; Vu,2003 : 56. (Phu Quoc)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Luong et al.,2004 : 3, 40, figs.♂,♂(Un), 41, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 15, figs.D-14,♂♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Gung Re; Dai Duc Me; Madagu; Dong Nai: Thac Mai; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien; Ta Cu)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Nihira,2009 : 98. (Phu Quoc)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Monastyrskii,2011 : 63-64, pl.10, figs.2a♂,2b♀. (N: Hoang Lien; Van Ban; Muong Nhe; Ba Be; Na Hang; Kim Hy; Huu Lien; Ba Vi; Tam Dao; Cat Ba; Cuc Phuong; Pu Luong / C: Xuan Lien; Ben En; Pu Hoat; Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Phong Nha-Ke Bang; Phong Dien; Dak Rong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Nam Dong; Bach Ma; Son Thanh; Kon Plong; Ngoc Linh; Kon Ka Kin; Kon Cha Rang; Bi Doup; Yok Don; Chu Yang Sin; Nui Chua; Da Teh; Bao Lam; Loc Bac / S: La Nga; Binh Chau; Cat Tien; Nghia Trung; Con Son Is; Lo Go Sa Mat; Phu Quock)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 19. (N / C / S)
Euploea mulciber mulciber ; Saito et al.,2017 : 80. (S: Nui Cam; Nui Coto)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan

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May

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 12♂ 6♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

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Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

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Phrae : 1♂.

Jan

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Nan : 4♂ 3♀.

Jan

Feb

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Apr

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Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

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Dec

Uttaradit : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

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Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

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Loei : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

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Jul

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Sep

Oct

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Tak : 1♂.

Jan

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Sep

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Phetchabun : 4♂ (photo).

Jan

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Sep

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Chaiyaphum : 4♂ (photo).

Jan

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May

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Sep

Oct

Nov

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Chonburi : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

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May

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Jul

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Sep

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Chanthaburi : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

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May

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Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 7♂ 3♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

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Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂.

Jan

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Mar

Apr

May

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Jul

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Sep

Oct

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Satun : 3♂ 4♀.

Jan

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Apr

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Oct

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Dec

Yala : 1♂ 2♀. (incl. photo by S.Atdhabhan).

Jan

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Dec

[ LAOS ]
Xieng Khouang : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

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Jul

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Sep

Oct

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Vientiane : 1♂.

Jan

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Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phuc : 1♀.

Jan

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Sep

Oct

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Lam Dong : 2♂ 4♀.

Jan

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The butterfly is very common in secondary and montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 10 - 1800m). Both sexes visit flowers and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.

Cramer, P.,1775-1780 :
De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique.
Amsteldam, S.J.Baalde; Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp.
1(1/7):i-xxx, 1-16, 1-132, pls.1-84 ([31 December]1775), (8):133-155, pls.85-96 (1776); 2(9/16):1-151, pls.97-192 (1777); 3(17/22):1-128, pls.193-264 (1779), (23/24):129-176, pls.265-288 (1780); 4(25/26):1-28, pls.289-304 (1780)

Fabricius, J.C.,1787 : Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis,
differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus.
Copenhagen, Christ. Gottl. Proft 8vo 1:xx+348pp ; 2:[2]+382pp

Moore, F.,1883 :
A Monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, two Groups of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfamily Euploeinae;
with descriptions of new genera and species. Part II. Euploeina.
Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883(3):253-324, pls.29-32.

Rhe Philipe, G.W.V. de,1911 : Notes on some Butterflies from the Indian Region.
J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 20(3):753-769.

2♂, Chaiyaphum, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Yala, Thailand. (photo by S.Atdhabhan)	♂ and ♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1998.11.15 - 2024.02.29.