♂, Xaignabouli, Laos.		♀, Champasak, Laos.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♀, Phetchaburi, Thailand.
♂, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam.		♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand.
♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand.		♂, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand.

ON : Papilio cocles Fabricius, 1787 OD : Mantisa. Ins. 2:7. TL : 'Siam [Thailand]' (NHML) Distribution : India to Myanmar, Andamans, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Yunnan, Hainan. ● ssp.cocles ● transition zone of ssp.cocles and earli ● ssp.earli

Cyrestis formosa C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 : Reise öst. Fregatte Novara. Zool. Theil (3):412. TL. Ins. Andaman.
Cyrestis cocles var. andamanica Wood-Mason & Nicéville, 1881 : J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Part II. 50(4):246. TL. Andamans.
Cyrestis horatius Wood-Mason & Nicéville, 1881 : Proc. asiat. Soc. Bengal 1881:142. TL. S.Andamans.
Cyrestis natta Swinhoe, 1899 : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7)3:105. TL. "Khasia Hills" [Khasia Hills, Meghalaya, India].
Cyrestis cocles cocleoides Fruhstorfer, 1902 : Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 14(2):274. TL. 'Than-Moi, Tonkin [Than Moi, Lang Son, N.Vietnam]; Xom-Gom, S.Annam [near Phan Rang, Ninh Thuan, S.Vietnam]'.

andamanica  ; Type ♂, 'S. Andaman'. (NZC) ; Sheela et al.,2019 : 188, figs.♂,♂(Un).

[ THAILAND ]
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Godfrey,1916 : 127-128. (Petchaburi River; Chonburi: Hup Bon)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Godfrey,1927 : 123. (N)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Godfrey,1930 : 276. ('Prae: Me Song forest'; 'Chiang Rai'; Muak Lek; Petchaburi River) (in part)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Pinratana,1979 : 37, figs.N53a♂(WSF),♂(Un,WSF),♂(DSF),♂(Un,DSF). (Chanthaburi; Loei; Petchaburi; Uthai Thani; Kanchanaburi; Nakhon Nayok; Prachuap Khiri Khan)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Pinratana & Eliot,1996 : 42, pl.24,figs.55,♂,♂(f. earli),♂(f. cocles). (Nakhon Ratchasima; Nakhon Nayok; Chonburi; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Petchaburi) (in part)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 254-255, fig.93,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Pha Thaep)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 27. (Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Na Pho Krang; Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 50. (Ubon Ratchathani: Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huai Sing)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 384, pl.166, fig.N57a♂. (Nakhon Nayok)
Cyrestis cocles earli ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 384, pl.166, figs.N57b♂(center),♂(right). (in part)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 478, pl.212,fig.N340a♂. (Nakhon Nayok; Khao Soi Dao)
Cyrestis cocles earli ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 478, pl.212,figs.N340b♂(center),♂(right). (in part)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Khon Kaen; Nakhon Ratchasima; Sa Kaeo; Chonburi; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2021.07.20)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 117, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un); 118, figs.♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Sarika; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kae Khiewo; Sai York Noi; Erawan WF; Kao Phang WF; Kaeng Krachan)

[ LAOS ]
Cyrestis cocles f. cocles ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 38. (Laos)
Cyrestis cocles f. cocleoides ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 38. (Laos)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 56, pl.53, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un),3,♂,4,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng; Phatong; Tha Ngone; Vientiane; Pakse; Luang Prabang; Nam Ngum Dam)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 206, pl.51, figs.♂(f. earli),♀(f. cocles). (Vang Vieng; Thakhek)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 42. (Thakhek)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Onodera,2009b : 35,39. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside; Bolikhamxai: Thabok)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 45.
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Onodera,2022 : 32, pl.107, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Savannakhet; Khammouan: Natung; Beungna; Thakhek; Vientiane: Vang Vieng; Bolikhamxai: Thabok)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Cyrestis cocles ; Onodera,2007 : 25, figs.49,♂,50,♀. (Rattanakiri: Ou Chum)
Cyrestis cocles ; Onodera,2009 : 40,41. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Kosterin,2020 : 325. (Siem Reap)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 118. (Kampot; Pursat; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Cyrestis cocles ; Joannis,1901 : 320. (Tonkin: Cao Bang)
Cyrestis cocles cocleoides ; Fruhstorfer,1912 : 574. (C.Tonkin / S.Annam)
Cyrestis cocleoides ; Vitalis,1919 : 228. (Tonkin)
Cyrestis cocles f. cocles ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 38. (Tonkin)
Cyrestis cocles f. cocleoides ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 38. (Tonkin / Annam)
Cyrestis cocles f. earli ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 38. (Cochinchine)
Cyrestis cocles ; Lemée,1950 : 10. (Hagiang)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Metaye,1957 : 95. (N / C)
Cyrestis cocles cocleoides ; Metaye,1957 : 95. (N / C)
Cyrestis cocles earli ; Metaye,1957 : 95. (S)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Ikeda et al.,2000 : 30, figs.7:17,♂,18,♂(Un),19,♀,20,♀, fig.9:20(♂,genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Luong et al.,2004 : 6, 61, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Cyrestis cocles ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 41. (Thua Thien Hue: Phong Dien)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006b : 20, figs.N-36,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dai Duc Me; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Cyrestis cocles cocles ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 34. (N / C / S)
Cyrestis clcles cocles ; Monastyrskii,2019 : 4(1):144-145, pl.32, fig.1a♂,1b♂,1c♂(Un). (N: Tam Dao; Ba Be; Na Hang; Huu Lien; Cat Ba; Cuc Phuong / C: Pu Mat; Vu Quang; Phong Nha Ke Bang; Phong Dien; Son Thanh; Nui Chua; Chu Yang Sin / S: Nam Cat Tien; La Nga; Lo Go Xa Mat; Binh Chau)

[ THAILAND ]
Kanchanaburi : 3♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sa Kaeo : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 6♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchaburi : 3♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Prachuap Khiri Khan : 4♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Xaignabouli : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Khammouan : 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Champasak : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phuc : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is locally not rare in montane forests at low elevations (Alt. 200 - 450m). Both sexes visit flowers and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water. They often rest on the underside of leaves with their wings spread.
Godfrey (1930) recorded it from Chiang Rai and Phrae, N.Thailand, but these are doubtful. Further distributional research in northern Thailand is needed. The specimens from Phetchaburi to Prachuap Khiri Khan seem to be intermediate between ssp.cocles and ssp.earli. There seems to be a transition zone between the two subspecies.
Corbet (1941) suggested that the type locality of cocles was Pulau Salang [Phuket], Siam. If so, the Phuket population is most likely to be the same taxon as the Malay Peninsula subspecies earli. Then ssp.earli should be synonymous with cocles and the continental populations should be given an alias. Further taxonomic study is needed.

Fabricius, J.C.,1787 : Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis,
differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus.
Copenhagen, Christ. Gottl. Proft 8vo 1:xx+348pp ; 2:[2]+382pp

Felder, C. & Felder, R.,[1865]-1874 : Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair.
Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abtheilung: Lepidoptera. Wien, Carl Gerold's Sohn.
(1):[4] + 1-136, pls. 1-21 ([12 January 1865]) ; (2):[2] + 137-378, pls. 22-47 ([after October] 1865) ; (3):[2] + 379-536, pls.48-74 ([25 April] 1867) ; (4):[6] + 1-9 [explanation of plates] ([31 December] 1874)

Wood-Mason, J. & Nicéville, L. de,1881 : Abstract of: Second List of Rhopalocerous Lepidoptera from the Andaman Islands, with Descriptions of new or little-known species and Varieties.
Proc. asiat. Soc. Bengal 1881:142-143.

Wood-Mason, J. & Nicéville, L. de,1881 : Second List of Rhopalocerous Lepidoptera from Port Blair, Andaman Island.
J. asiat. Soc. Bengal, Part II. 50(4):243-262, pl.14.

Swinhoe, C.,1899 : New Species of Orientali Lepidoptera.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7)3:102-116.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1902 : Neue und seltene Lepidopteren aus Annam und Tonkin und dem malayischen Archipel.
Deut. ent. Zeit. [Iris] 14(2):265-276, pl.5. (1.Mar.1902)

Corbet, A.S.,1941 : Observations on Certain of the Fabrician Names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera (Lepid.)
Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B)10(6):98-106.

♂, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.	♂, Kanchanaburi, Thailand.

2007.10.10 - 2024.08.31.