♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Yala, Thailand.		♀, Satun, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♂, Surat Thani (Koh Phangan), Thailand.
♂, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.		♂ (dsf, var.), Phayao, Thailand.

ON : Papilio medus Fabricius, 1775 OD : Syst. Ent. :488. TL : Capite Bonae Spei, [Java]. Distribution : Nepal to Myanmar, Andamans, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan, S.China, Langkawi, W.Malaysia, Tioman, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda, Philippines, Palawan, Sulawesi, Peleng, Moluccas, New Guinea.

Papilio hesione Cramer, 1775 : Uitl. Kapellen 1:16, pl.11, figs.C,D. TL. 'Suriname'
Papilio doris Stoll, 1781 : in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4(29-31):141, pl.352, fig.C(Un). TL. China.
Mycalesis runeka Moore, [1858] : in: Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. East-India Co. 1:234. TL. Assam.
Mycalesis cinerea Butler, 1867 : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (3)20:401, pl.8, fig.9. TL. Singapore.
Orsotrianena medus medus forma turbata Fruhstorfer, 1908 : Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 58(6/7):214. TL. Sikkim ; Nikobaren.
Orsotrianena medus medus forma licium Fruhstorfer, 1908 : Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 58(6/7):215. TL. Celebes.

[ THAILAND ]
Orsotriaena medus ; Godfrey,1916 : 122.
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Godfrey,1927 : 122. (N)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Godfrey,1930 : 253. (all over)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Godfrey,1932a : 267. (P)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Pinratana,1988 : 26, pl.29, figs.72a♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Ratchaburi; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Nakhon Nayok; Ranong)
Orsotriaena medus cinerea ; Pinratana,1988 : 26, pl.29, figa.72b♂,♂(Un). (Yala)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 253, fig.75,♂(Un). (Mukdahan: Ban Naudom)
Orsotriaena madus medus ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 23. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huay Sing; Nam Tok Tad Ton; Nam Tok Kham Cha I; Ban Na Lak; Ban Gok Tum; Ubon Ratchathani: Ban Ba Hai; Phu Chong Na Yoi; Kaeng Tana; Phu Hin Dang)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 49. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Ma No Rom; Ubon Ratchathani: Warin Chamrap; Phu Chong Na Yoi)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 68, fig.123,♀. (Umphang: Tha-Sai; Umphang)
Orsotriaena madus medus ; Katsuyama et al.,2006 : 48, fig.89,♂. (Nan: Ban Nam Poon)
Orsotriaena medus cinerea ; RDPB & DNP,2006-2008 : Butterflies in Hala-Bala Forest, fig.[♀](Un). (Narathiwat: Hala Bala) (last update: 2006.12.19 ; accessed: 2023.06.30)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 284, pl.114, figs.S79a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Sai Yok; Trat; Mae Hong Son)
Orsotriaena medus cinerea ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 284, pl.115, figs.S79b♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Yala; Krabi)
Orsotriaena madus cinerea ; Uémura,2010 : 4.
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, fig.[♂](Un). (Koh Samui; Koh Phangan) (accessed: 2022.04.27)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 284, pl.115, figs.N114,♂,♂(Un),♀(Un,Malaysia),♀,♀(Un). (Trat; Mae Hong Son; Yala; Krabi)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 9. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Rai; Phetchabun; Sukhothai; Trat) (accessed: 2023.06.30)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 188-189, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Doi Pa Chang; Sarika; Nakohn Nayok; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Soi Dao; Kratching WF; Kuwai Yai; Kaeng Krachang)
Orsotriaena medus cinerea ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 188-189, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chum Phoong; Kam Puan; Ranong Hot Spring; Khlong Naka; Ka Chong; Tarutao Is; Than To WF.)
Orsotriaena medus cinerea ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 271-272, figs.Abb.S-149-152. (Phang Nga)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 86. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)

[ LAOS ]
Orsotriaena medus f. runeka ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 31. (Vientiane; Sale-Pak-Nao)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 64, pl.84, figs.5,♂,6,♂(Un),7,♀,8,♀(Un). (Luang Prabang; Vientiane; Tha Ngone; Nam Moh)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 211, pl.94, figs.♂,♂(dsf,Un),♂(Un). (Lak Sao; Xaignabouri; Vang Vieng)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Uémura,2004 : 2, fig.11,map. (Saignabouri; Vang Vieng; Ban Keun; Thabok; Xiang Khouang; Ban Boung Kuang; Lak Sao)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 44. (Thabeng; Namdhua)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Uémura,2006 : 4-5, fig.20,map. (Tha Ngone; Muang Kham; Phong Si; Vieng Thong; Nha Hin Pass; Nam Kata)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Uémura,2007 : 2, fig.11,map. (Phon Si; Tha Ngone; near Ban Lat Khoay; Tad Thevada)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Uémura,2011 : 2. (C: Tha Ngone; Phon Si / S: near Phatao-Namho)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 48.
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Onodera,2022 : 58, pl.172, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Luang Phabang: Pak Mong; Khammouan: Nahin; Oudomxai)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Woodfield & Murton,2006 : figs,♂,♂(Un). (Botum Sakor NP.)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 129. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Kosterin,2019 : 99. (Koh Kong; Kep)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Kosterin,2019b : 33. (Ratanakiri)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Kosterin,2020 : 331. (Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 115. (Kep; Koh Kong; Oddar Meanchey; Pursat; Preah Vihear; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)

[ VIETNAM ]
Orsotriaena medus ; Godfrey,1919 : 466. (S: Daban)
Orsotriaena medus f. hesione ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 31. (Annam: Moung-Sen)
Orsotriaena medus ; Lemée,1950 : 8. (Langson(Dong Dang))
Orsotriaena medus medus f. hesione ; Metaye,1957 : 104. (C)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Ikeda et al.,1999 : 57, fig.5:10,♂,11,♂(Un),12,♀, fig.9:25(♂,genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Orsotriaena medus ; Vu,2003 : 57. (Phu Quoc)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Luong et al.,2004 : 4, 48, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Monastyrskii,2005 : 82-83, pl.22, figs.3a♂,3b♂(wsf,Un),3c♂(dsf,Un). (N: Pu Hoat; Ba Be; Na Hang; Cat Ba; Cuc Phuong / C: Pu Hoat; Pu Mat; Ba Na; Song Thanh / S: Cat Tien; Tay Ninh; Nghia Trung)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006c : 31, figs.S-23,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Gung Re; Madagui)
Orsotriaena medus medus ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 24. (N / C / S)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 9♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phayao : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 6♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 2♂ 1♀ (incl. photo by E.Ikari).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Surat Thani (Koh Phangan) : 2♂ (incl. photo by A.Giudici).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Satun (Koh Tarutao) : 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Yala : 2♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is very common in secondary and montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 10 - 900m). The individuals without a white band on the underside are occasionally found during the dry season.

Fabricius, J.C.,1775 : Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus.
Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae, Libraria Kortii 8vo :[i-xxx] + 832pp.

Cramer, P.,1775-1780 :
De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique.
Amsteldam, S.J.Baalde; Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp.
1(1/7):i-xxx, 1-16, 1-132, pls.1-84 ([31 December]1775), (8):133-155, pls.85-96 (1776); 2(9/16):1-151, pls.97-192 (1777); 3(17/22):1-128, pls.193-264 (1779), (23/24):129-176, pls.265-288 (1780); 4(25/26):1-28, pls.289-304 (1780)

Stoll, C.,1780-1782 :
In Cramer, De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique.
Amsteldam, S.J.Baalde; Barthelemy Wild and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp.
4(26/28):29-90, pls.305-336 (1780), (29/31):91-164, pls.337-372 (1781), (32/34):165-252, pls.373-400 (1782)

Moore, F.,[1858] : in: Horsfield & Moore, A catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company. Vol.1.
London, W.H. Allen and Co. v + 278 pp., 12 pls.

Butler, A.G.,1867 : Descriptions of new or little-known species of Asiatic Lepidoptera.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (3)20:399-405, 2 pls.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1908 : Neue indo-australische Mycalesis und Besprechung verwandter Formen.
Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 58(2/3):126-128; (6/7):129-239, pl.1.

Aoki, T., Yamaguchi, S. & Uémura, Y.,1982 : Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands vol.3. Satyridae, Amathusiidae and Libytheidae.
530 pp, 113 col.pls. Plapac co. Ltd. (in Japanese)

♂ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (dsf, var.), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Surat Thani (Koh Phangan), Thailand. (photo by A.Giudici)

1998.12.28 - 2024.05.31.