♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀, Lampang, Thailand.
♂, Phong Saly, Laos.		♀, Phong Saly, Laos.
♂, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Lam Dong, Vietnam. (photo by K.Saito)
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand.		♂, Xaignabouri, Laos.
♂, Vientiane, Laos. (photo by K.Saito)		♀, Vientiane, Laos. (photo by K.Saito)

ON : Elymnias timandra Wallace, 1869 OD : Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1869:326. TL : "Sylhet" [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh] ; "Moulmein" [Mawlamyine, Myanmar]. (NHML) Distribution : India (Sikkim) to N.Myanmar, N. to C.Thailand, Laos, C.Vietnam (Lam Dong), Yunnan. ● ssp.timandra ● ssp.apelles ● ssp.lioneli

Elymnias nesaea cortona Fruhstorfer, 1911 : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9:379. TL. "Birma und Tenasserim" [Tanintharyi, Myanmar]. (NHML)

timandra ; ♂, Type (red), Rh6233, Shilet. (NHML, examined) ; ♀, Type (red), Moulmein. (NHML, examined)

[ THAILAND ]
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Godfrey,1927 : 122. (N)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Godfrey,1930 : 256. (Chiang Mai)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Pinratana,1988 : 9, pl.6, figs.9a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 232, pl.88, figs.S9a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 232, pl.88, figs.N45a♂,♀. (Chiang Mai)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Chiang Mai; Phetchabun) (accessed: 2022.01.01)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Kimura et al.,2016 : 164, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un). (Tha Ton; Bang Salok)

[ LAOS ]
Elymnias nesaea f. timandra ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 31. (Vientine)
Elymnias nesaea f. cortona ; Dubois & Vitalis,1924 : 31. (Luang-Prabang; Vientiane; Pak-Lung)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 64, pl.82, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un). (Vientiane; Luang Prabang; Tha Ngone)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 210, pl.86, figs.♂,♀,♀. (Xiang Khouang; Xam Neua; Vientiane)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Uémura,2003 : 2, fig.10,map.
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Uémura,2006 : 2, fig.6,map. (Vientiane; Nha Hin Pass)
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 48.
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Onodera,2022 : 54, pl.159, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Oudomxai)

[ VIETNAM ]
Elymnias nesaea timandra ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006c : 28, figs.S-4,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 8♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 2♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 3♂ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchabun : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Kanchanaburi : 1♂ (photo by M.Hayashi).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

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Dec

[ LAOS ]
Oudomxai : 1♀ (photo by H.Onodera).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phong Saly : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Xaignabouri : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

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Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

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Mar

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Dec

The butterfly is not rare in montane forests at moderate to high elevations (Alt. 500 - 1750m) and males are often territorial on shrubs at hilltops. In flight, it is quite similar to Parantica aglea (Danainae).
Very curiously, individuals from Dambri, C. Vietnam are very similar to this subspecies rather than ssp.apelles, despite the more distant distribution. On the other hand, examples from Vientiane in Laos are slightly closer to ssp.apelles. I tentatively treat these as this taxon, further taxonomic study is needed.

Wallace, A.R.,1869 : Notes on Eastern Butterflies ; (continued).
Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 17(4):321-349.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1911 : 4. Familie: Satyridae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
377-384. (before 20.Jun.1911)

Wei, C.H., Lohman, D., Peggie, D. & Yen, S.H.,2017 : An illustrated checklist of the genus Elymnias Hübner,1818 (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae).
Zookeys 676:47-152.

♂, Lampang, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Phetchabun, Thailand.	♂, Nan, Thailand.
♂, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. (photo by M.Hayashi)

1998.12.09 - 2023.07.31.