♂ (wsf), Nan, Thailand.		♀ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (dsf), Nan, Thailand.		♀ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂ (wsf), Ranong, Thailand.		♀ (wsf), Ranong, Thailand.
♂ (dsf), Surat Thani, Thailand.		♀ (wsf), Satun, Thailand.

ON : Papilio allica Fabricius, 1787 OD : Mantissa Ins. 2:52. TL : 'Siam' [Pulau Salang (Phuket)] (ZMC) Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, S.Vietnam, Langkawi. ● ssp.allica ● ssp.flegyas ● transition zone of flegyas and allica ● ssp.albipunctatus

Zemeros flegyas annamensis Fruhstorfer, 1912 : Ent. Rundsch. 29(3):23. TL. Annam.
Zemeros flegyas annamensis forma esla Fruhstorfer, 1912 : Ent. Rundsch. 29(3):23. (dsf). TL. Annam.
Zemeros phlegyas allica dry-season form pullus Talbot, 1936 : Entomologist 69:58. TL. N.Siam. (NHML)

allica ; Type, 367, det. R.I.Vane-Wright.1977. (ZMC, photo examined.)
'allica' [albipunctatus] ; Type, 369, det. R.I.Vane-Wright.1977. (ZMC, photo examined.)
pullus ; 1♂, Type, 27.Dec.1933. Doi Suthep, Chieng-mai. D.M.Davidson (NHML)

[ THAILAND ]
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 773. (Siam)
Zemeros flegyas ; Godfrey,1916 : 134. (Prae: Me Song forest; Chanthaburi)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Godfrey,1927 : 124. (N)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Godfrey,1930 : 305. (except P)
Zemeros phlegyas [sic] allica dry-season form pullus  Talbot,1936 : 58. (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep; W: Upper Mekong)
Zemeros flegyas allica f.pullus ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 77-78. (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep; W: Upper Mekong)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Pinratana,1988 : 40, pl.36, figs.1a♂,♀,♂(Un). (Chiang Mai; Chaiyaphum; Nakhon Nayok; Chanthaburi; Ranong; Trang)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 65, fig.58,♂. (Umphang: Tha-Sai)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 504, pl.226, figs.R1a♂,♂(Un),♀[♂],♀(Un)[♂(Un)],♀,♀(Un). (Doi Inthanon)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.[♂],[♂](Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2021.08.05)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 516, pl.231, figs.L1a♂,♂(Un),♀♀(Un),♀[♂],♀[♂](Un). (Doi Inthanon; Nakhon Nayok)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Kimura et al.,2014 : 16, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Doi Ang Kang; Doi Chiang Dao; Chiang Dao; Doi Phui; Doi Suthep; Doi Inthanon; Nam Nao; Phu Kradung; Phu Khiewo; Nakhon Nayok; Kao Yai; Kao Soi Dao; Kratchin WF; Pliewn WF; Doi Musso; Tenasserim; Ranong Hot Spring; Kam Puan; Muang Shone; Khlong Naka; Kao Luang; Ka Chong; Satun)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs, Early Stages. (Chiang Mai; Nan; Phetchabun; Kanchanaburi; Sa Kaeo; Chanthaburi; Trat; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.05.05)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Küppers & Janikorn,2020 : 111, figs.Abb.L-003-008. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 67, pl.96, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un). (Tha Ngone; Vang Vieng; Luang Prabang)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 213, pl.103, fig.♂. (Xam Neua)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 45. (Namdhua; Nhahin)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Onodera,2009b : 36,37,38. (Xieng Kouang: Muang Kham; Nam Noen; Houaphan: Phu Phan)
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 50.
Zemeros flegyas allica ; Onodera,2022 : 68, pl.199, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Xiengkhouang: Phou Samsoum; Houaphan: Phou Pan)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 130. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Zemeros flegyas ssp, ; Kosterin,2019 : 91. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk; Kep)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 119. (Kep; Koh Kong; Mondulkiri; Preah Sihanouk; Pursat)

[ VIETNAM ]
Zemeros flegyas annamensis ; Fruhstorfer,1914 : 773.
Zemeros flegyas ; Godfrey,1919 : 468. (S: Daban)
Zemeros flegyas annamensis ; Vitalis,1919 : 235. (Annam)
Zemeros flegyas annamensis ; Metaye,1957 : 92. (C)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Inoué & Kawazoé,1965 : 319, pl.1, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un),3,♀,4,♀(Un). (Lam Dong: Col de Blao; Song Be: Banmethuot)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas f.esla ; Inoué & Kawazoé,1965 : 319, pl.1, figs.5,♀,6,♀(Un). (Lam Dong: Dalat; Blao)
Zemeros flegyas ; Spitzer,1983 : 127. (Nha-Ho: Phan Rang Plain)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006c : 36, figs.R-1,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Dai Duc Me; Dong Nai: Thac Mai)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Callaghan,2009 : 65, figs.2,♂,3,♀. (S: Nha Trang; Bar Dam) (in part)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 45. (S) (in part)
Zemeros flegyas flegyas ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 41. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 6♂ 1♀.

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Chiang Mai : 20♂ 4♀ (incl. photo).

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Lampang : 4♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

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Nan : 11♂ 2♀ (incl. photo).

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Loei : 4♂ (photo).

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Kamphaeng Phet : 1♂ (photo).

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Tak : 2♂.

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Phetchabun : 2♂ (photo).

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Chaiyaphum : 2♂ (photo).

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Sa Kaeo : 3♀ (photo).

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Trat : 2♂ 3♀ (incl. photo by E.Ikari).

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Ranong : 8♂ 6♀.

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Surat Thani : 1♂.

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Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂ 1♀.

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Satun (Koh Tarutao) : 1♂ 1♀.

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[ VIETNAM ]
Lam Dong : 30♂ 26♀.

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The butterfly is very common in montane and secondary forests at low to high elevations (Alt. 10 - 1800m). Both sexes visit flowers.
Corbet,1941 assumed the type locality of allica as 'Siam, Pulau Salang' [Phuket]. According to the document of the type material of Fabricius in Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, there are three type specimens. I have examined two photos of them. One is definitely allica, but another type appears to be albipunctatus. Taxon albipunctatus is found only in Yala, the southernmost part of Thailand and southwards, never found in Phuket area. Thus, this specimen is considered to be from the Malay Peninsula.
Previously, all populations from Vietnam were treated as the nominotypical subspecies. However, although the ground colour is slightly darker, the population from southern Vietnam appears to be closer to ssp.allica. On the other hand, the populations from N.Vietnam, except for the northeastern area, to C.Vietnam appear to be intermediate between ssp.flegyas and ssp.allica. These areas seem to be a transition zone. Further taxonomic and distributional studies are needed.

Fabricius, J.C.,1787 : Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis,
differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus.
Copenhagen, Christ. Gottl. Proft 8vo 1:xx+348pp ; 2:[2]+382pp

Talbot, G.,1936 : Notes upon some butterflies from Siam, with descriptions of new races and forms (Lep. Rhopalocera).
Entomologist 69:56-60.

Corbet, A.S.,1941 : Observations on Certain of the Fabrician Names onf Indo-Australian Rhopalocera (Lepid.)
Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B)10(6):98-106.

♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂, Lampang, Thailand.
♀, Sa Kaeo, Thailand.	♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♀ Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

Y.Inayoshi & K.Saito, 2009.07.31 - 2024.03.31.