Eurema simulatrix ssp.

Eurema simulatrix ssp.


♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀ (isf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.		♀ (isf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (wsf), Nan, Thailand.		♂ (isf), Phrae, Thailand.

♂ (dsf), Tak, Thailand.		♂ (wsf), Tak, Thailand.

♂ (isf), Loei, Thailand.		♂ (wsf), Phong Saly, Laos.

Specimens from transition zone of ssp. and ssp.tecmessa

♂ (dsf), Phetchaburi, Thailand.		♂ (dsf), Ranong, Thailand.

ON : Eurema simulatrix ssp.
OD :
TL :

Distribution : S.Myanmar, W. & N.Thailand, N.Laos.

	● ssp.
	● ssp.sarinoides
	● transition zone of ssp. and tecmessa
	● ssp.tecmessa
	● ssp.littorea

Synonym

Eurema simulatrix tecmessa f. stockleyi Corbet & Pendlebury, 1932 : Bull. Raffles Mus. 7:167. TL. Taok Plateau, Upper Tenasserim, [Myanmar] (NHML) (IFS)

Type Material Information

stockleyi ; Holotype ♂, 5.Jan.1924. Taok Plateau, 3000 ft. U.Tenasserim. C.H.Stockley (NHML) ; Yata,1994 : pl.6, figs.5('LT'[HT],♂), 6('LT'[HT],♂Un).

Records taken from Literature

[ THAILAND ]
Eurema simulatrix stockleyi ; Pinratana,1983 : 28. not fig. (Chiang Mai; Kanchanaburi; Petchaburi) (in part)
Eurema simulatrix inouei ; Yata,1994 : 65.
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Yata,1994 : 65, pl.6, figs.1-2. (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep; Pactonchai)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Katsuyama et al.,2005 : 65, fig.57,♂. (Umphang: Tha Sai)
Eurema simulatrix grandis ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 174, pl.59, figs.Pi53b♂,♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Mai) (in part)
Eurema simulatrix inouei ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 174. (Tham Than Lod) (in part)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 174, pl.59, figs.Pi53d♂(top-center),♂(top-right,Un). (Doi Pha Hom Pok; Wiang Papao) (in part)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Jeratthitikul et al.,2009 : 10-12, figs.4C♂,4D♂. (Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai; San Sai; Chiang Dao; Lampang: Chae Son; Kanchanaburi; Ratchaburi: Suan Phueng; Prachuap Khiri Khan: Kui Buri) (in part)
Eurema simulatrix stockleyi ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 144, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khun Lao Village; Doi Musso)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 174, pl.54, figs.Pi53b♂(bottom,center),♂(bottom,right,Un). (Chiang Mai; Doi Pha Hom Pok) (in part)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Ratchaburi; Phetchaburi) (in part) (accessed: 2022.11.30)

[ LAOS ]
Eurema simulatrix stockleyi ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 51, pl.29, figs.7,♂,8,♂(Un). (Vang Vieng)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 203, pl.41, fig.♂(Un). (Thabok)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Onodera,2009b : 35-36,36-37,38. (Xieng Kouang: Muang Kham; Nam Noen; Houaphan: Phu Phan; Vientiane: Vang Vieng)
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 43.
Eurema simulatrix sarinoides ; Onodera,2022 : 20, pl.76, figs.♂(left),♂(Un,left),♀,♀(Un). (Oudomxai; Khammouan: Natung) (in part)

Specimens Examined

Mae Hong Son : 3♂ 1♀.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Chiang Mai : 10♂ 3♀ (incl. photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Lampang : 2♂ (photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Phrae : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Nan : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Loei : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Tak : 2♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Phetchaburi : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Kanchanaburi : 1♂ (photo).

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

[ LAOS ]
Phong Saly : 1♂.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Notes

The butterfly is common in secondary and montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 300 - 1300m). Both sexes visit flowers and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
This taxon resembles ssp.sarinoides. The dry season form has a prominent dark reddish-brown apical patch on the UnF, and the rainy season form lacks it. The individuals of the intermediate seasonal form are variable, as ssp.sarinoides. However, the ground color of both seasonal forms is clearly different. These have a much paler lemon yellow ground color on the upperside than those of ssp.sarinoides.
The populations from Ratchaburi to Prachuap Khiri Khan and some specimens from Ranong seem to be an intermediate form between this taxon and ssp.tecmessa. It seems to be the transition zone between both taxa.
Kimura et al.(2011) mentioned the populations from western to northern Thailand are different from ssp.sarinoides and ssp.tecmessa. I agree with their opinion. They used the name ssp.stockleyi for it, but it was described as Eurema simulatrix tecmessa f. stockleyi and it is an infrasubspecific form not treated as a ssp. before 1985. Therefore, I currently treat it as an unnamed subspecies.

Literature

Corbet, A.S. & Pendlebury, H.M.,1932 : A revision of the Indo-Australian species of the genus Eurema with special reference to the Malaysian forms.
Bull. Raffles Mus. 7:143-193, tfs. 1-7, pl.5.

Evans, W.H.,1932 : The identification of Indian butterflies. second edition revised.
Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., Madras : 10+454pp, 32 pls, 9f.

Yata, O.,1994 : A Revision of the Old World Species of the Genus Eurema Hübner (Lepidoptera, Pieridae).
Part 4. Description of the hecabe group (part)
Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. 13:59-105, pl.5-35.

Kimura, Y., Aoki, T., Yamaguchi, S., Uémura, Y. & Saito, T.,2011 : The Butterflies of Thailand. Based on Yunosuke KIMURA Collection vol.1. Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae.
Mokuyosha. 220 pp.


♂ (dsf), Lampang, Thailand.	♀ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀ (isf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (wsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♂ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand.

2022.12.26 - 2023.03.31.