♂, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.		♀, Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂, Trat, Thailand.		♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand.		♀, Trat, Thailand.

ON : Gandaca burmana Moore, [1906] OD : Lep. Ind. 7:34-35, pl.563, figs.3,♂,3a♀,3b♂,3c♀. TL : "Burma" [Myanmar] ; (? Siam ; Annam). Distribution : Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Yunnan, Sichuan. ● ssp.burmana ● ssp.distanti

[ THAILAND ]
Gandaca harina burmana ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 173. (Siam)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Godfrey,1916 : 116.
Gandaca harina burmana ; Godfrey,1927 : 121. (N)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Godfrey,1930 : 231. (all over)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Pinratana,1983 : 31, pl.23, fig.58a♂. (Chiang Mai; Nakhon Nayok; Nakhon Ratchasima; Chanthaburi; Kanchanaburi; Phetchabun; Sara Buri; Uthai Thani)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 19, fig.45,♂. (Mukdahan: Ban Na Lak; Ubon Ratchathani: Kaeng E-Keow; Phu Hin Dang)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 47. (Ubon Ratchathani: Phu Chong Na Yoi)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 180, pl.63, figs.Pi61a♂,♂(Un). (Trat; Wang Chin)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 148, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Chiang Dao; Saraburi; Sarika; Wan Nam Khiewo; Kao Saverb; Kao Khiewo; Pliewn WF; Kao Soi Dao; Kaeng Krachan)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 180, pl.63, figs.Pi60a♂,♂(Un). (Trat; Wang Chin)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Gandaca harina burmana ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2023- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Nakhon Nayok; 'Prachuap Khiri Khan') (accessed: 2024.04.13)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)

[ LAOS ]
Gandaca harina f. burmana ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 22. (Laos)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 51, pl.28, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un). (Luang Prabang; Vientiane; Simouang; Tha Ngone; Tha Dua)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 203, pl.41, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀. (Vang Vieng; Oudomxay)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 40. (Thabok)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Onodera,2009b : 34-35. (Vientiane: Namsong Riverside)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 43.
Gandaca harina burmana ; Onodera,2022 : 18, pl.69, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Bolikhamxai: Phon Si)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Gandaca harina ; Onodera,2007 : 27, fig.21♂. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kuhlen)
Gandaca harina ; Onodera,2008 : 56. (Kratie: Snoul)
Gandaca harina ; Onodera,2009 : 38. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kulen)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Kosterin,2019 : 91. (Koh Kong; Preah Sihanouk)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Kosterin,2020 : 315, fig.4(Un). (Siem Reap)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Onodera,2022 : pl.264, figs.♀,♀(Un), text:127. (Siem Reap: Phnum Kuhlen)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 114. (Koh Kong; Kratie; Preah Sihanouk; Siem Reap)

[ VIETNAM ]
Gandaca harina burmana ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 173. (S.Annam)
Gandaca harina burmana (= annamica ) ; Godfrey,1919 : 465. (S: Daban)
Gandaca harina f. burmana ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 22. (Annam)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Metaye,1957 : 87. (C)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Metaye,1958b : 174. (Ben Nom; Trang Bom; Foret de Dinh Quan)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 19, figs.6:2,♂,10:27(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Gandaca harina ; Vu,2003 : 56. (Phu Quoc)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Luong et al.,2004 : 3, 35, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Gandaca harina ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 39. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 14, figs.Pi-37,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dai Duc Me)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Nihira,2009 : 98, fig.♂. (Phu Quoc)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 18. (N / C / S)
Gandaca harina burmana ; Saito et al.,2017 : 77. (S: Nui Cam)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 1♂ 1♀.

Jan

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Mar

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Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 10♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

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Phrae : 1♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

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Tak : 2♂.

Jan

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Mar

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Oct

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Chanthaburi : 10♂.

Jan

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Mar

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Jul

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Sep

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Dec

Trat : 8♂ 2♀ (incl. photo by E.Ikari).

Jan

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Dec

Phetchaburi : 1♂.

Jan

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Mar

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May

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Oct

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Dec

[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : 1♂.

Jan

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May

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Jul

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Sep

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Champasak : 1♀.

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Dec

The butterfly is common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 50 - 1200m). Both sexes visit flowers, and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola (2022-) recorded this taxon from 'Prachuap Khiri Khan', however, this is uncertain. It should be on hold until confirmed by a female specimen.

Moore, F.,1905-1907 : Lepidoptera Indica. vol.VII. Rhopalocera, Family Papilionidae, Sub-family Pierinae (continued). 1-182.
L.Reeve & Co., London.

♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand.	♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

1996.10.31 - 2024.03.31.