Appias albina darada
(C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865)
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♂, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
♀, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Ninh Binh, Vietnam. |
♀ (dsf), Mae Hong Son, Thailand. |
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♂, Satun (Koh Tarutao), Thailand. |
♀, Chanthaburi, Thailand. |
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♂, Yala, Thailand. |
♀, Phetchaburi, Thailand. |
ON :
Pieris darada C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865
OD : Reise öst. Fregatte Novara. Zool. Theil. (2): 166.
TL : "India septentrionalis (Silhet)" [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh].
Distribution : Sikkim to Myanmar, Andamans, Nicobars, Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Guangxi, Hainan, Guangdong.
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Synonyms
Appias albina confusa Fruhstorfer, 1910 : In: Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 9: 154, pl.60d. TL. 'Sikkim; Assam; Siam [Thailand]; Tonkin [N.Vietnam]'. (homonym)
Appias albina confusa ♀form principalis Fruhstorfer, 1910 : In: Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 9: 154. (IFS)
Appias albina confusa ♀form semiflava Fruhstorfer, 1910 : In: Seitz, Gross-Schmetterl. Erde 9: 154. (IFS)
Records taken from Literature
[ THAILAND ]
Appias albina confusa ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 154. (Siam)
Appias albina confusa ; Godfrey,1916 : 115.
Appias albina darada ; Godfrey,1930 : 227. (all over)
Appias albina darada ; Godfrey,1931 : 192. (Ko Tao)
Appias albina darada ; Godfrey,1932a : 265. (P)
Appias albina darada ; Pinratana,1983 : 17, pl.14, fig.29 ; pl.24, figs.29,♂,♀(dsf),♀(wsf). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Chaiyaphum; Chonburi; Kanchanaburi; Khon kaen; Loei; Nan; Nakhon Nayok; Nonthaburi; Nakhon Ratchasima; Petchaburi; Saraburi; Nakhon Sri Thammarat; Prachuap Khiri Khan; Trang; Satun; Yala)
Appias albina darada ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 252, fig.49,♂. (Mukdahan: Phu Sa Duak Bua)
Appias paulina adamsoni ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2000 : 252, fig.50,♀. (in part)
Appias albina darada ; Yamaguchi & Aoki,2002 : 18. (Mukdahan: Ban Gok Tum)
Appias albina darada ; Yamaguchi, Aoki & Akiyama,2005 : 46. (Mukdahan: Ban Lao Kram; Phu Huai Sing; Ubon Ratchathani: Nam Tok Soi Sawan; Phu Pung)
Appias albina darada ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 150, pl.47, figs.Pi31a♂,♀(Upper row),♀(Upper row,Un). (in part)
Appias albina albina ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 150, pl.48, figs.Pi31b♂,♀(dsf),♀(dsf,Un),♀(wsf),♀(wsf,Un). (Yala: Than To)
Appias albina darada ; Yata et al.,2010 : 792. (Thailand)
Appias albina darada ; Les Day,2011-2022 : Samui Butterflies, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀(Un),♀(Un). (Koh Samui) (accessed: 2022.09.20)
Appias albina darada ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 157, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Chiang Dao; Doi Suthep; Phu Kradung; Phu Khiewo; Kao Yai; Sarika; Nakohn Nayok; Wam Nam Khiewo; Bang Phra; Kao Khiewo; Wang Kheo; Kao Camaoh; Kratching WF; Kao Soi Dao; Tariew; Sai York Noi; Erawan WF; Kaeng Krachan; Ka Chong; Thaleban; Than To WF.)
Appias albina albina ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 157. (literature)
Appias albina darada ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 150, pl.47, figs.Pi31,♂,♀,♀(Un),♂,♀(dsf),♀(Un). (Khao Yai; Doi Pui; Chiang Dao; Doi Inthanon; Yala)
Appias albina darada ; Okamoto et al.,2013 : 6. (Kanchanaburi: Mae Klong Station)
Appias albina darada ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Sa Kaeo; Saraburi; Chachoengsao; Phetchaburi; Yala) (accessed: 2024.04.13)
Appias albina albina ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 196, figs.Abb.Pi-064-067. (Phang Nga)
Appias albina darada ; Chaianunporn & Chaianunporn,2019 : 87. (Chaiyaphum: Chulabhorn Dam)
[ LAOS ]
Appias albina f. confusa ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 21. (Giranville; Ban Sai, etc.)
Appias albina f. principalis ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 21. (Laos)
Appias albina f. semiflava ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 21. (Laos)
Appias albina darada ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 50, pl.22, figs.1,♂,2,♂(Un),3,♀,4,♀(Un). (Nam Khane; Vientiane; Tha Ngone; Luang Prabang; Nam Ngum Dam)
Appias albina darada ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 202, pl.34, figs.♂,♀,♀,♀(Un),♀(Un),♀(Un). (Vang Vieng; Xam Neua; Lak Sao)
Appias albina darada ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 39. (Namdhua; Thakhek)
Appias albina darada ; Yata et al.,2010 : 792. (Laos)
Appias albina darada ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 42.
Appias albina darada ; Onodera,2022 : 16, pl.64, figs.♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Khammouan; Thakhek; Nahin; Natung)
[ CAMBODIA ]
Appias albina darada ; Monastyrskii et al.,2011 : 128. (Phnom Samkos W.S.)
Appias albina darada ; Yata et al.,2010 : 792. (Cambodia)
Appias albina darada ; Kosterin,2019 : 89. (Kampot; Kep)
Appias albina darada ; Kosterin,2019b : 26. (Ratanakiri)
Appias albina darada ; Kosterin,2020 : 313. (Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)
Appias albina darada ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 114. (Kep; Koh Kong; Kampot; Pursat; Ratanakiri; Siem Reap; Stueng Treng)
[ VIETNAM ]
Appias albina confusa ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 154. (Tonkin)
Appias albina confusa ; Godfrey,1919 : 465. (S: Daban)
Appias albina f. confusa ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 21. (Tonkin: Hagiang)
Appias albina f. principalis ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 21. (Tonkin)
Appias albina f. semiflava ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 21. (Tonkin)
Appias albina ; Lemée,1950 : 5. (Backan; Hanoi)
Appias albina confusa ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (N)
Appias albina confusa f.♀ principalis ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (N)
Appias albina confusa f.♀ semiflava ; Metaye,1957 : 86. (N)
Appias albina darada ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 19, figs.7:12,♂(wsf),13,♀(dsf),14,♀(Un,wsf),15,♀(Un,wsf),11:38(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Appias albina ; Vu,2003 : 56. (Phu Quoc)
Appias albina darada ; Luong et al.,2004 : 2, 32, figs.♀,♀(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Appias albina ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; A Luoi; Huong Thuy; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Appias albina darada ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 11, figs.Pi-13,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Madagui; Dong Nai: Thac Mai; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien; Ta Cu; Ho Chi Minh)
Appias albina darada ; Yata et al.,2010 : 792. (Vietnam)
Appias albina darada ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 17. (N / C / S)
Appias albina darada ; Yokochi et al.,2015 : 39. (Khanh Hoa: Hon Ba)
Appias albina darada ; Saito et al.,2017 : 78. (S: Nui Cam)
Appias albina darada ; Monastyrskii,2024 : 87-89, pl.23, figs.1a♂,1b♂(Un),1c♀,1d♀(Un),1e♀(Un). (N / C / S)
Specimens Examined
[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 5♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chiang Mai : 12♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phrae : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nan : 1♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Tak : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Kanchanaburi : 3♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchabun : 3♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chaiyaphum : 10♂ (photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nakhon Nayok : 1♂ 2♀ (photo and photo by M.Hayashi).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Chanthaburi : 8♂ 12♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Phetchaburi : 1♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Ranong : 3♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Nakhon Si Thammarat : 2♂ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Satun (Koh Tarutao) : 2♂ 1♀.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Yala : 7♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Champasak : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
[ VIETNAM ]
Vinh Phu : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Ninh Bin : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Lam Dong : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Dong Nai : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Bin Thuan : 1♂.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |
Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Notes
The butterfly is common in montane forests at low to high elevations (Alt.10 - 1600m).
Both sexes visit flowers, and males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.
During the dry season, they often occur in extremely large numbers in their habitats.
The transition individuals to ssp.albina are occasionally found in Yala Province.
Literature
Felder, C. & Felder, R.,1865 : Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair.
Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abtheilung: Lepidoptera.
(2): [2] + 137-378, pls. 22-47 ([after Oct].1865), Wien, Carl Gerold's Sohn.
Fruhstorfer, H.,1910 : 2. Familie: Pieridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.
9: 153-168 (2.Apr.1910), Stuttgart, Alfred Kernen.
Yata, O., Chainey, J.E. & Vane-Wright, R.I.,2010 : The Golden and Mariana albatrosses, new species of pierid butterflies, with a review of subgenus Appias (Catophaga) (Lepidoptera).
Syst. Entomol. 35(4): 764-800.
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♂, Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
♀, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. |
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♂, Nan, Thailand. |
♀ (dsf), Chiang Mai, Thailand. |
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♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by P.Sukkit) |
A Check list of Butterflies in Indo-China, Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM. Copyright © 1996- Y.Inayoshi.
