♂ (ds), Mae Hong Son, Thailand.		♀ (ds), Mae Hong Son, Thailand.
♂ (ws), Chanthaburi, Thailand.		♀ (ws), Chiang Mai, Thailand.
♂, Ranong, Thailand.		♀, Ranong, Thailand.
♂, Nan, Thailand.		♂ (ds), Phetchaburi, Thailand.

ON : Pieris clemanthe Doubleday, 1846 OD : Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1)17:23. TL : "Moulmein" [Mawlamyine, Myanmar]. (NHML) Distribution : India to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Yunnan. ● ssp.clemanthe ● ssp.themana

Pieris berenice Lucas, 1852 : Revue Mag. Zool. (2)4:324-325. TL. "Silhet" [southern Khasia Hills, India ; north of Sylhet, Bangladesh].
Pieris helferi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 : Reise öst. Fregatte Novara. Zool. Theil (2):161, pl.25, fig.10,♂,11(Un). TL. "Moulmein" [Mawlamyine, Myanmar].
Prioneris clemanthe f. saenia Fruhstorfer, 1910 : in Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde 9:137. TL. "Süd-Annam" [near Phan Rang, Ninh Thuan, S.Vietnam]. (NHML)

clemanthe ; ♀, Type (red / N.AT, Wallace,1867), "Moulmein" [Mawlamyine, Myanmar]. (NHML, examined)
saenia ; ♂, Type, Februar, "Xom-Gom, Süd Annam" [near Phan Rang, Ninh Thuan, S. Vietnam]. Februar. H.Fruhstorfer. (NHML, examined)

[ THAILAND ]
Prioneris clemanthe helferi ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 137. (Siam)
Prioneris clemanthe helferi ; Godfrey,1916 : 114. (by literatur Fruhstorfer, Seitz, 9:137.)
Prioneris clemanthe helferi ; Godfrey,1930 : 223. (Pak Jong; W: Pan Yao)
Prioneris clemanthe ; Davidson & Macbeth,1938 : 70. (Chanthaburi: Khao Sabap)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Pinratana,1983 : 11, pl.9, figs.17,♂,♂(Un),♂(Gynandromolph). (Chiang Mai; Chanthaburi; Petchaburi; Ratchaburi; Chumphon; Phang Naga; Phuket)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 140, pl.42, figs.Pi17a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Phu Khiao; Chanthaburi; Muang Shone)
Prioneris philonome helferi ; Ek-Amnuay,[2007] : 140, pl.42, figs.Pi17b♂,♂(Un),♂(Un). (Mae Hong Son; Wiang Pa Pao)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Kimura et al.,2011 : 164, figs.♂,♂(Un),♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un). (Doi Suthep; Bang Salok; Doi Pa Chang; Kao Soi Dao; Thung Yai; Sai York Noi; Kaeng Krachang; Khlong Naka)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Ek-Amnuay,2012 : 140, pl.42, figs.Pi17a♂,♂(Un),♀,♀(Un),♂,♂(Un),♂(Un). (Phu Khiao; Chanthaburi; Muang Shone; Mae Hong Son; Nan)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; S.Sophonviwatkul, C.Sunthornwiphat & T.Laola,2015- : Butterflies of Thailand, figs. (Sa Kaeo; Ratchaburi; Phetchaburi) (accessed: 2023.04.07)
Prioneris philonome themana ; Küppers & Janikorn,2017 : 191-192, figs.Abb.035-038. (Phang Nga)

[ LAOS ]
Prioneris clemanthe f. helfer ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 18. (Laos)
Prioneris clemanthe f. saenia ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 18. (Laos)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Motono & Negishi,1989 : 49, pl.17, figs.3,♂,4,♂(Un),5,♀,6,♀(Un). (Nam Moh; Pakse; Tha Lat; Vang Vieng; Phatong; Nam Ngum Dam; Dan Sum; Vientiane)
Prioneris philonome helferi ; Osada, Uémura & Uehara,1999 : 202, pl.38, figs.♂(dsf),♂(dsf,Un),♂(dsf,Un),♂(Un). (Thabok; Lak Sao; Vang Vieng)
Prioneris philonome helferi ; Nimura & Wakahara,2005 : 39. (Thabok; Namdhua)
Prioneris philonome helferi ; Onodera,2009b : 42. (Bolikhamxai: Nahin)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Nakamura & Wakahara,2012 : 42.
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Onodera,2022 : 18, pl.71, figs.♂(dsf),♂(dsf,Un),♂(wdf),♂(wsf,Un),♀(wsf),♀(wsf,Un). (Bolikhamxai: Lak Sao; Thabok; Khammouan: Nahin)

[ CAMBODIA ]
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Kosterin,2019 : 91, figs.6,♂(Un),7,♂(Un). (Koh Kong)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Kosterin,2019b : 26. (Ratanakiri)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Kosterin,2020 : 314. (Pursat)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Chartier & Kosterin,2022 : 114. (Koh Kong; Pursat; Ratanakiri)

[ VIETNAM ]
Prioneris clemanthe helferi ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 137. (Tonkin)
Prioneris clemanthe f. saenia ; Fruhstorfer,1910 : 137. (S.Annam)
Prioneris helferi ; Vitalis,1919 : 218. (Tonkin)
Prioneris saenia ; Vitalis,1919 : 218. (Annam)
Prioneris clemanthe f. helfer ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 18. (Tonkin / Annam)
Prioneris clemanthe f. saenia ; Dubois & Vitalis,1921 : 18. (S.Annam)
Prioneris clemanthe ; Lemée,1950 : 5. (Hagiang)
Prioneris clemanthe clemanthe ; Metaye,1957 : 85. (N / C / S)
Prioneris clemanthe helferi ; Metaye,1957 : 85. (N / C)
Prioneris clemanthe saenia; Metaye,1957 : 85. (C)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Ikeda et al.,1998 : 19,23, figs.7:18,♂(wsf),19,♂(Un),11:40(♂genitalia). (Cuc Phuong)
Prioneris pholonome helferi ; Luong et al.,2004 : 2, 31, figs.♂,♂(Un). (Cuc Phuong)
Prioneris philonome ; Monastyrskii et al.,2006 : 38. (Thua Thien Hue: Nam Dong; Phong Dien; Bach Ma)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Miyazaki, Saito & Saito,2006 : 14, figs.Pi-22,♂,♀. (Lam Dong: Dambri; Bin Thuan: Dong Tien)
Prioneris philonome clemanthe ; Monastyrskii & Devyatkin,2015 : 16. (N / C / S)

[ THAILAND ]
Mae Hong Son : 9♂ 2♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Rai : 1♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chiang Mai : 5♂ 1♀ (incl. photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lampang : 2♂ (photo).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nan : 3♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Tak : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chanthaburi : 4♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Trat : 4♂ (incl. photo by E.Ikari).

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Phetchaburi : 4♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Ranong : 5♂ 1♀.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Surat Thani : 5♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Nakhon Si Thammarat : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ LAOS ]
Vientiane : 1♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

[ VIETNAM ]
Ninh Thuan (Xom-Gom) : 2♂.

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

The butterfly is locally common in montane forests at low to moderate elevations (Alt. 300 - 1200m). Males frequently come to the banks of streams and puddles to suck water.

Doubleday, E.,1846 : Descriptions of new or imperfectly described Diurnal Lepidoptera.
Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (1)17:22-26.

Lucas, P.H.,1852 :
Description de nouvelles especes de Lepidopteres appartenant aux collections entomologiques du Musee de Paris.
(Quantrieme decade, Cinquieme decade, Sixieme Decade).
Revue Mag. Zool. (2)4(3):128-141; (4):189-198; (6):290-300; (7):324-343; (9):422-432.

Felder, C. & Felder, R.,[1865] - 1874 :
Rhopalocera. In Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band:
Abtheilung. Wien : vi + 548 + [1] pp in 5 parts, 140 pls.

Fruhstorfer, H.,1910 : 2. Familie: Pieridae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
121-144. (14.Jan.1910)

2♂, Phetchaburi, Thailand. (photo by T.Aoyama)	2♂, Phetchabun, Thailand. (photo by S.Sophonviwatkul)

1996.10.31 - 2024.03.31.